思考風格與抽象推理能力對圖像式問題搜尋行為的影響

Abstract

「搜尋」過程就是一個問題解決的歷程。其中，個體的心理運作、及行為操作的差異皆影響搜尋表現；而問題表徵也可能影響個體的搜尋策略。本研究嘗試將搜尋問題以圖像方式呈現，並以個體處理問題時的著眼之處－思考風格幅度做為個別差異的探討因子。另外，個體的抽象推理能力使其能在非文字之圖案中歸納出原則加以推理，與本研究中解決圖像式問題時需進行圖像比對、推論之能力相符，故本研究選用思考風格與抽象推理能力為本研究問題之獨變項，企圖探討不同思考風格群組與高、低抽象推理能力在圖像式問題之搜尋行為與搜尋成效。 本研究以高職二年級學生為研究對象，透過圖像問題之搜尋，讓學生依圖像所提供之線索、特徵進行搜尋。搜尋引擎限用圖像搜尋及網頁搜尋兩項搜尋功能；每一個搜尋任務限時十分鐘。在整個搜尋過程中全程使用螢幕錄影軟體記錄，最後再量化學生搜尋行為、並評估搜尋成效。 研究結果指出思考風格的幅度與抽象推理能力皆會影響搜尋成效。全面型學生在圖像式問題搜尋得分顯著高於詳細型學生。抽象推理能力高分組在圖像式問題搜尋得分顯著高於低分組學生。在搜尋行為上，詳細型學生在使用關鍵字的數目、點選網頁搜尋的次數顯著多於全面型學生。詳細型學生在重複使用關鍵字的總數上顯著多於全面型學生，從關鍵字使用情形分析，全面型學生之關鍵字涵蓋的概念較寬廣；詳細型學生則較侷限於某一特徵概念上。而在瀏覽網頁行為上，全面型學生以瀏覽圖片為主，而詳細型學生除了瀏覽圖片外，也會對無圖片之網頁內容進行了解。詳細型學生在搜尋過程中將大部分時間花在探索及嘗試更換關鍵字，導致無法在時間內完成搜尋。

"Searching" is the process of solving questions. The individual psychological operation and the behavior operational difference both affect searching performance. The question features also affect individual searching strategies. This research attempts to present the questions through the images, and use the thinking styles scope grouping to be the discussed factor of the individual difference when the individual processes the questions. The ability of inducing the principles in the non-writing images for reasoning is called abstract reasoning ability. It corresponds with the images comparison and inference of solving questions in this study. Therefore, it takes thinking styles and abstract reasoning ability to be the single varied item for this research to probe into the influence of different thinking styles and high or low abstract reasoning ability on searching behavior and the searching result in image questions. It takes the second year students of senior high vocational school to be the objects of this study. Through the searching of images questions, students begin to search according to the clues and the characteristics which are provided by the images. It limits students to use only two types of search engine functions—image search and homepage search. Each task takes ten minutes. The entire search process will be recorded by the automatic screen recorder & monitor software to quantify students searching behavior and to estimate searching result. The findings point out the thinking styles scope and the abstract reasoning ability both can affect the searching result. The comprehensive students score conspicuously higher than the detailed students in the image questions searching. The high scores group in abstract reasoning ability scores conspicuously higher than the low scores group. In the searching behavior, the detailed students are more than the comprehensive students in the quantities of using keywords and the times of clicking homepage search. Moreover, for the quantities of repeated using keywords, the detailed students are more than the comprehensive students. The keywords which the comprehensive students use cover broader concepts, and the detailed students comparatively limits in a particular characteristic concept. In the browsing homepage behavior, the comprehensive students primarily glance over the pictures, but the detailed students both browse pictures and also try to understand the homepage content with no pictures. The detailed students spend so much time on searching and trying to change keywords in searching process that they are unable to finish the searching task in time.