儀式、地景與記憶：探討苗栗獅潭地區的族群關係與認同

Abstract

本計劃以象徵的角度探討人群互動中社群建構及認同歸屬的問題，分成三方面來探究：（一）儀式與社群的象徵建構；（二）地景（landscape）與地方（place）的關係；（三）共享的集體記憶。本研究採取廣義的地景分析觀點，來看待時間與空間交錯下的族群互動關係，透過儀式活動、地景認知與記憶等瞭解不同人群的社群建構與認同歸屬。第一年的研究著重於普查基礎，第二年研究以地景分析的觀點探討空間上固定地方的地景，及其空間上的文化建構與意義，解析居住其間的人們有關此空間的認知、知識與地方感的關聯。第三年研究將更進一步探討地理上的空間所呈現的社會關係的反映，由宇宙觀或象徵空間的隱喻（或換喻）、或意識形態、或政治經濟條件、或文化習慣、或分類概念或實踐等，探討物質上的空間地景如何被人們所認知與經驗，及此空間的記憶與意義建構如何與居民的生活相關，又如何在記憶建構與地方社區營造的實踐行動中形塑居民的認同。因此，探究的重點除了重要的地景與建築外，也包括在地的社區營造工作(表現為獅潭北四村地區休閒農業的形塑)，希望可以深化第二年探討空間意涵的研究成果，並強化空間與記憶、以及空間與儀式地景的關連。

The plan of this three-year research project focuses on approaching the community construction and the identity problem among different ethnic groups from the perspective of symbolic analysis. It includes three themes: (1) ritual and the symbolic construction of the community；(2) landscape and the sense of place；(3) collective memory. The second theme of the project will be the focus of the second year research. From the perspective of space and landscape, the human interaction can be woven into a web constituted by different temporal and spatial dimensions, in which the ritual practice, the knowledge of landscape, and the shared memory can be all taken into account. The spatial meaning of the physical space can be transformed into the social relations, or the cognitive structure, or metaphors of symbolic space, or the political or economic ideology, or culture habits and human practices. I would like to approach how people perceive and recognize their village landscape, and how the spatial meaning can be revealed and constructed through the stories and memories that people tell in their everyday lives. Meanwhile, I will examine whether there exists the sense of the place, which can be formed by way of the routine everyday life experience, cultural practice, or ritual practice. With these considerations in mind, I regard the implication of the village landscape as embedded on people’s cognition of the place and their culture practice about it. The place examined in this research will include the historical sites and buildings, ritual sites and temples (shrines), and specific geographical scenery or place with Chinese cosmological implications (eg. good Fushui).