Simultaneous self-mode-locking of TEM0,0 and TEM1,0 modes in a Nd:YVO4 laser: Application for measuring the thermal focal length

Abstract

We demonstrate that the simultaneous self-mode-locking of TEM0,0 and TEM1,0 modes can be achieved in a standard end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. With this simultaneous self-mode-locking, the transverse beat frequency can be accurately measured as a function of the absorbed power. We employ the measured beat frequency and the cavity theory to precisely determine the effective focal length of the thermal lens in the gain medium.