生化分子感測器之組裝及超高靈敏性分析

Abstract

未來的感測器需要微型化、高靈敏性、高選擇性、免標識及即時反應。因此製作一個先進的感測器需要結合由上而下的奈米圖案定義與由下而上的分子自組裝。本三年期計畫採取最敏感的電訊號測定法去設計兩種不同型態的奈米結構感測器-包括奈米線及奈米間隙之結構。這些先進的奈米結構或是與奈米微粒結合，可以自組裝不同的生物分子-例如核酸或.，成為一個功能性感測器來進行分析研究。這些感測器是一種新的化學分析法應用到生物辨識系統的高靈敏性分析。計畫中的重要研究項目包含有奈米線或奈米間隙之尺寸對分析敏感性影響、待測物接著對奈米線內載子密度的影響、背面電極施加電位所產生的電場對於生物受體/待測物固定化影響、基質效應對背景訊號之影響及操作溫度對生物感測器可靠性影響等，均需仔細評估及驗證研究。由於所設計的生物感測器具有高的表面/體積比，因此奈米線或奈米間隙的電導值，受到待測物接著改變表面電荷或是穿隧電流。本計畫發展出的感測器結合流體通道，可以整合一個分析為目的之仿生系統。

A future biosensor requires the minimization, high sensitivity, high selectivity, label-free and real-time response. Hence, the fabrication of advanced biosensors couples the top-down nanopatterning and bottom-up assembly. This 3-year project adopts the most sensitive electrical methods to develop two different types of biosensors based on nanowires and nanogaps structures. These nanostructures, or together with the nanoparticles, are self-assembled with various biomolecules such as nucleic acid or enzyme for sensing purpose. These biosensors are a new means of chemical analysis that often has the high selectivity of biomolecular recognition systems. The critical analytical issues such as nanowire』s or nanogap』s dimension on sensitivity, surface』s analyte attachment on carrier density, electrical field from backside gate stressing on bioreceptor/analyte immobilization, matrix effect on background signal and operating temperature on biosensor reliability need careful evaluation and verification. Owing to the large surface to volume ratio of the designed biosensor, the conductance of a nanowire or nanogap is significantly affected by the surface charge or tunneling current from the attached analyte. The bionic system by integrating the above-mentioned nano-biosensor and the fluid channel will be developed in this project.