因應兩岸開放通航不同階段之航空網路規劃

Abstract

政府目前正推動兩岸全面通航，在航空市如何規劃設置，進行比較分析。測試結果顯示，模式所提供的結果合理，具相當的實用價值。所提出方法及結果可提供給公私部門參考。場方面，規劃以漸進的方式逐步開放。本研究主要針對兩岸航空市場逐步開放的過程中，因應不同階段的開放，對於營運網路的建立及轉運點的設置，進行比較及分析。根據航空市場開放的不同階段，有三種不同的通航方式：1.停轉港澳的方式對應到以往嚴格管制情形，兩岸間任何機場的通行，都必須要經由第三地機場降落轉機再起飛，最常使用的第三地轉運機場為香港或澳門。2.繞境香港為過渡期間的運行方式，兩岸間任何機場的通行，都必須繞境到香港飛航情報區（flight information region; FIR），但並不強制要求一定要降落再起飛。3.全面開放方式為台灣及大陸間的全面性開放，台灣與大陸的任何機場，都可以直接飛行。本研究針對這三種通航方式，建立飛航網路及轉運站設置的模型。利用所建立的模型，套用推估的航空客運資料。針對兩岸通航的過程中，航空營運路網及轉運點應如何規劃設置，進行比較分析。測試結果顯示，模式所提供的結果合理，具相當的實用價值。所提出方法及結果可提供給公私部門參考。

The cross-strait direct flights between Taiwan and Mainland China were forbidden before. However, the government has deregulated the cross-strait direct flights. The process of the deregulation can be carried out in three different stages. The first stage is the restrained operation, which forbids any cross-strait direct flights and forces the flights to transship at an airport other than Taiwan and Mainland China. The most commonly used airports are Hong Kong and Macau. The second stage requires the aircrafts detouring via Hong Kong flight information region (FIR), but landing on the third-party airports is not mandatory. The third stage is the full opening for the cross-strait direct flights without any restriction. This study constructs three mathematical models for the different operations under the three stages. The air passenger data from Taiwan and Mainland China is applied to the three models to construct the airline operational networks for the different stages. The comparisons and analysis are performed for the three networks. The results support the government's deregulation policy. The proposed method can provide the private sectors a useful tool to plan the flight network in cross-strait air market.