論設計之功能性與既存的設計形式在藝術中的轉化

Abstract

本研究提出的主要目的是因為「現成物」在藝術領域的使用中，完全忽略了日常用品本身存在的實用價值，將物品「功能性」的去除作為「媒介物」單純成就藝術上的詮釋，透過將日常物品以「設計品」一詞的身分提出，使功能性的運用在藝術中重新回歸到物品自身被發展出來的功能與原貌，做為現今「現成物」藝術創作中主體的一部份。研究將從藝術設計的演進和設計造物的歷史關係，提出設計之功能性對於生活、文化的影響；接續探討杜象對於現成物各種層面的思考，及現成物在藝術與設計在歷史中從日常物品到「既存的設計形式」的「現成物化」；後續剖析以現成物為主要創作媒材的藝術家和設計師，進行「現成物」與物品「功能性」在藝術與設計兩個領域中扮演的角色之探討。最後以各種藝術、設計作品與個人的創作當中「既存的設計形式」、「設計品」、「功能性」運用到「藝術」的方式，總結出當代藝術在設計中創作方式的三種觀點：(1)不改變物品功能，但賦予時間與空間的變異；(2)模仿物品被設計出來的功能當成創作元素，而並非單純的模仿設計外觀；(3)模仿物品的外觀圖像做出視覺變異，但圖像依舊含有其物品功能的符號意旨。冀望透過此論文的探討，建立起藝術與設計之間溝通的橋梁。

This research is based on “ready-made”, whose function as a daily object is often ignored in the field of fine art. Functionality of the object is removed in order to serve as an intermedium for artistic interpretation, in this case the identification of “design product”. The research aims to return to the objects’ functionality and original form as they were designed, taking part as a subject of ready-made creation in the field of art. The research starts with a look at the evolution of art and design and their historic relations with designed products, noting the influence of functionality of design on life and culture. Secondly, the research goes into discussions of Marcel Duchamp’s ready-mades, and how ready-mades gradually evolve from “daily objects” to what they are now, as “existed design form” in art and design history. Following this, an investigation on contemporary artists and designers who used ready-made as prime materials for their artworks, analyzing the roles of ready-made and functionality in art and design fields. Eventually, compare many artworks and design products with my works in “existed design form”, “design product”, “functionality” to use in “art”. To sum up, I explore three views of design in contemporary art: (1) The function of objects remains unchanged, while given a change of time and space. (2) In addition to simply mimicking the objects’ form, the function as they were designed is also mimicked as elements for artworks. (3) Imitating the appearance of objects to create visual variations, while maintaining the symbolism of their functions. Through this research, I hope to build a bridge for interactions between art and design.