化肥工廠運輸承攬作業安全之探討

Abstract

隨著工業興起、科技日新月異及高科技產業快速成長，原物料供應需求相對提升，新製程新技術原物料需求不容小覤，因此造福許多上游供應廠商。然而近幾年因景氣低迷，企業為了節省生產開銷，對於原物料價格會希望是物美價廉，但成本往往反應在價格上，若是低價競爭，最常看到是廠商犧牲相關安全防護機制來減低成本，即便是運輸用槽車或是駕駛等重要設備人員亦是如此。 本研究發現台灣與國際的十大事故設備及發生原因，以槽車與人為失誤所導致之原因佔最多數。另外發現國內外槽車事故以相撞及側翻最多，分別高居前一、二排名，事故發原因皆離不開人為失誤與設備異常因素。本研究以某化肥工廠運輸承攬作業安全作探討，進行槽車運輸和灌裝操作失誤模式與影響分析（FMEA），由風險評估分析結果，得知人為不安全的行為因素佔最主要原因。 本研究利用運輸安全衛生促進會及化肥工廠安全管理之機制，實施人員安全衛生與緊急應變教育訓練、灌裝作業安全管理等措施，改善槽車運輸與灌裝作業時的工安事故。經FMEA分析發現，槽車運輸與灌裝作業的危害風險值已降低，人為不安全因素已有明顯改善。

With the blooming industries, ever-changing technologies and the rapid growth of high-tech industries, the demand for raw material supply has also increased accordingly. New processes and technologies require an enormous amount of raw materials, and such demand has benefited the suppliers in the upstream. Due to the slow economy in recent years, businesses have been saving production costs and demanding cost-effective raw material supplies. However, the cost normally reflects on the price. Low cost competition often leads to suppliers sacrificing safety management to reduce cost, even in terms of tank trucks and professional drivers for transportation. The study finds that tank trucks and human errors account for the majority of the top ten causes of equipment-related accidents in Taiwan and abroad. In addition, tank truck accidents domestic and abroad are mostly collision and side-flipping incidents, raking the first and second highest occurrence. The study explores the transportation operation safety of a chemical fertilizer factory and conducts a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FEMA) analysis. The risk assessment result indicates that unsafe human behavior is the main cause. The study utilizes the mechanism of Occupational Safety and Health Administration to conduct operator training on safety and health, emergency response as well as willing operation safety management to reduce the industry safety accidents. FMEA analysis result finds that the risk factors have decreased. Unsafe human behavior has been significantly improved.