應用於電動車的驅動電路控制

Abstract

傳統汽柴油車所排放之廢氣不但會造成空氣污染，且廢氣中二氧化碳更會造成溫室效應使地球暖化，但電動車行駛時不會排放廢氣汙染環境，運轉也相對較平順，振動也較低，與汽油車相比對於環境更加友善。電動車的動力來源即是電池的電力，而讓電動車可以行駛的是驅動電路，電池的過放電或過充電以及溫度過高都會影響整個電池組的性能，因此電池的管理以及驅動電路的控制就顯得十分重要。 在實際的道路行駛當中電動車並不是只有定速行駛的模式，而是包含了各種類型的行駛模式像是靜止時起動、行進間加速、煞車減速和上坡行駛等。本文中的控制電路主要運用4個絕緣閘雙極電晶體(IGBT)、二極體以及繼電器，各自組成控制單一電池的開關，進行放電的控制；在煞車時本研究控制絕緣閘雙極電晶體的導通與否，使得電路回流對電池進行充電升壓，本研究主要利用LabVIEW進行供電控制，並藉由馬達的轉速變化決定當下的供電方式，再搭配功率分配單元進行實驗，結果顯示當程式進入各個行駛模式時皆與預期目標相符合，程式以及功率分配單元皆有正確運作。

Exhaust emissions of conventional gasoline vehicles will cause air pollution and greenhouse effect, but electric vehicles will not pollute the environment while electric vehicles are working. Operation and vibration are also quiet and low relatively. Electric vehicles are more friendly to the environment than conventional gasoline vehicles. The energy of electric vehicles comes from battery, and the electric vehicle is driven by using a driving circuit. Over-charge, over-discharge and high temperature will affect the performance of the entire battery. Therefore, battery management and control of the driving circuit are important. In the actual situation, an electric vehicle not only may undergo a constant speed driving mode, but includes various types of driving mode such as start, acceleration, deceleration, braking, and driving uphill. In this study, control circuits consist of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), Diode and Relay. This study controls insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) to make the battery charging circuit reflux boost when vehicles in braking. This study uses LabVIEW for power control. Speed changes of the motor determine which driving mode is undergoing, so as to carry out experiments based on the power distribution unit. The results are consistent with the target when the program enters each driving mode. Accordingly, the program and the power distribution unit work properly.