以駕駛行為階層理論探討大客車駕駛行為之研究

Abstract

過去有關駕駛行為之研究多以侵略性駕駛、駕駛憤怒情緒、防禦性駕駛等方向作為研究安全駕駛行為的著力點，而隨著理論的發展，許多學者認為不能僅依靠駕駛行為量測以評估駕駛表現，必須了解行為背後的動機及影響這些動機的因素。Keskinen於1996年提出駕駛行為階層理論，根據1985年Michon針對駕駛人行為之架構進行延伸，其內容表示控制車輛僅是駕駛行為中的其中一項任務，駕駛行為的定義應該比以往更加廣泛，始能更全面解釋駕駛行為結果與起因之間的關係。本研究藉由文獻之回顧與整理，萃取穩定性高並且能代表駕駛行為階層理論的成型量表，將題項過濾並視我國交通環境的適用性予以調整，建立一套能涵蓋駕駛行為階層理論中各階層重要概念的量表，並利用此量表進一步驗證駕駛行為階層理論中各階層間之關係。迴歸模型中之依變數設定為不良駕駛行為(戰術階層)，自變數則為價值觀(社會階層)、決策行為(策略階層)及駕駛技術(執行階層)等變數，研究結果顯示不良駕駛行為與價值觀、決策行為、風險感認、駕駛技術之間關係為負相關。研究成果預期能說明目前台灣駕駛教育訓練之不足，可以考慮引入歐盟在駕駛教育訓練課程所建立的GDE架構，應用駕駛行為階層理論進行相關規劃。

Driver’s inappropriate behavior account for the traffic accidents mostly. In the past, researchers are thinking about what factor is behind the inappropriate driving behavior. According to the development of traffic psychology, it is clear that driving performance is not sufficient to explain driving behavior, and it’s necessary to take motivational and attitudinal factors into account. Keskinen(1996) propose a four-level hierarchical modal to describe driving behavior which raised a point that the goals and contents of the driver play an essential role affecting driving performance. Between different hierarchies, the modal connected driving performance to the goals and contents of trip, even to driver’s life and personal characteristics. The objective of this paper is to construct a measuring scale which content covers four hierarchy of driving behavior, and being able to verify the relations between different hierarchies to support the theory of hierarchical driving behavior. We construct the regression model that driving behavior is treated as dependent variable. The study results show that driving behavior have negative correlation with personal value, decision making and driving skills. The results can bring further insights that driving behavior is truly affected by many factors with hierarchical concept. Even more importantly, the guidance to design the curriculum of driver education should cover all levels in the hierarchy. The training process should start with the acquisition of the necessary basic technics, and then progress to the mastery of traffic situations with better trip planning.