液氮槽車灌裝安全風險評估-以台中某高科技廠房為例

Abstract

據調查2001年九月到2016年五月為止，液氮槽車一共發生十五起意外，其中七人受傷，二人死亡，死傷比例高達39%。本論文主要研究是以台中某高科技廠房液氮槽車灌裝進行安全風險評估，結果顯示:液氮槽車作業步驟主要為：槽車出廠、行駛、入廠及灌充前、中、後等作業流程。 在槽車的進出廠及定位危害已被有效控制，但在行駛中、管路銜接、填充過程、管路脫離等作業則仍須改善，以降低相關偶發之工安意外事件。同時顯示槽車意外案例係發生在槽車灌裝作業最為嚴重。因此，半導體廠應更加特別注意有關槽車灌裝作業之安全要求及管理。 透過實地的作業觀察進行工作安全分析及風險評估，了解高科技廠房液氮槽車作業的灌裝安全風險及現有控制。同時收集近十多年發生在高科技廠房液氮槽車填充及運輸行駛中意外案例，將根據分析的結果，提供有效的安全預防措施建議，透過實務的改善經驗。 改善措施包括針對管路銜接錯誤再增設fail-safe設施控制、運輸安全規定、火災及洩漏意外處理程序建議、加強人員防凍圍裙及瞬間噪音PPE的保護、改善現場夥同作業模式、嚴格執行灌裝現場安全區域之隔離、槽車運輸人員資格、緊急應變措施演練。研究結果同時顯示，實際槽車作業意外案例，係發生在液氮槽車灌裝期間最為嚴重。因此半導體廠應更加注意及要求灌裝時的管理及安全，根據分析結果提供其他業界參考，期能改善液氮槽車灌裝作業安全，進而發展出最佳化之液氮槽車灌裝作業安全對策。

In September, 2001 to May, 2016 up to, there are 15 accidents of nitrogen lorry altogether which 7 injured and 2 dead. The casualty proportion reaches as high as 39%. The main research of this paper is to conduct safety risk assessment of liquid nitrogen lorry in a high-tech plant in Taichung, the results of which show that the operation steps of liquid nitrogen lorry mainly include: lorry leaving factory, running, entering factory and the pre-, during and post-filling operation processes. The hazards about lorry’s leaving and entering factory, and locating have been controlled effectively. However, much improvement still need to be done in the operations like running, pipeline joining, loading process and pipeline separating to reduce the relevant unexpected work safety accidents. The results also show that the most of the lorry accidents occurs in the filling operation of lorries. So the semiconductor plants should pay more attention to the safety requirement and management of the filling operation of lorries. This paper has conducted work safety analysis and risk assessment through observing the operation on-site, and learnt about the filling safety risks and existing controls of the liquid nitrogen lorry operation in high-tech plants. This paper also collected the accidental cases occurring in the high-tech plants during the filling and transportation of the liquid nitrogen lorries in a recent decade. In addition, this paper will provide effective safety precaution suggestion based on the analysis results. Through the practical improvement experience, the improvement measures include adding fail-safe facility control to fix the pipeline joining mistake, transportation safety regulations, processing program suggestions for fire and leakage accidents, improving the protection of staff’s anti-freezing apron and instant noise PPE, improving the onsite gathering operation model, strictly implementing the safety area isolation of filling site, the qualification of transportation staff of lorries and the drilling of emergency response measures. The research results also show that, in practice, most of the lorry accidents occur in the filling operation of lorries. Thus, the semiconductor plants must pay more attention to the management and safety during the filling operation, and set a higher requirement. . This paper provided other industrial reference based on the analysis results with an aim to improving the filling operation safety of liquid nitrogen lorry, and then developing the optimized liquid nitrogen lorry filling operation safety solution.