台北市巷道停車格收費對停車行為與特性之影響-以文山內湖為例

Abstract

停車政策為交通政策的一環，面對停車供需失衡的窘境，廣設停車場只是一種間接的舒緩手段，降低停車需求才是治本之道。因此不得不以收取停車費手段，適當抑制私人運具的使用與成長。本研究目的為探討台北市實施路邊汽車停車收費計畫對使用者停車行為與特性之改變，亦探討實施收費後是否真正達到其預期效果。採事前事後問卷調查法與實際停車調查法，前者研究發現實施收費後確實有達到將路邊停車格釋放出來給真正路邊停車需求者(臨時停車需求的使用者)，改善久占車位之不當利用停車格現象；後者研究發現實施收費後平均停車延時均有顯著降低之現象，達到收費之預期成效，但平均車位週轉率則皆呈現不顯著甚至沒有變化，且平均車位使用率皆呈現顯著降低之現象。另外，本研究發現實施收費後，違規比皆有顯著上升之現象；再者，進一步進行停車數量分析發現，以計時收費標準之調查時段有達到停車供需正常之改善效果(停車服務水準從D級上升至B級)，計次收費標準之調查時段則皆呈現停車供需達嚴重飽和之現象(停車服務水準從D級降低至E級)，甚至對照組(免費)路段停車行為亦受到影響，皆呈現停車供需達十分嚴重飽和之現象(停車服務水準降低)且違規比亦皆呈現顯著上升之現象。

Parking policy and traffic policy are intimately intertwined, in facing the severely imbalanced parking demand-and-supply predicament, expansion of car parks was merely an expedient. Reduction of parking demand is the true road to a permanent cure. Thus we are obliged to impact paid parking to restrain both growth in numbers and facility usage of private vehicles.The purpose of this study is to investigate how implementation of charge plan for street parking in Taipei affects users' parking behaviors and characteristics. Besides, we also want to verify whether these plans really help us to reach the expected result. In this research, we use both questionnaire and real observation to investigate the parking behavior before and after the implementation of the parking plan. The former showed that this plan really helped those who really needed a parking space found parking blocks (ex. temporary parking users) for their cars, and improper occupation of street parking blocks could help us to improve improper parking behaviors. The latter showed that the implementation of the parking fee could significantly reduce the average parking duration. However, the average parking space turn-over rate barely changed, and the average parking space occupancy decreased significantly. With another method, we found that average parking duration are significantly. Besides, after the implementation of parking fee, illegal parking rate increased significantly. In addition, further analysis for numbers of parking showed that charge based on how long drivers parked could help improve the supply and demand of street parking grids (Performance level of parking service promoted from D to B). However, charge based on number of parking times showed significant shortage of street parking grids, which even brought bad effect on toll-free sections(Performance level of parking service lowered from D to E). These toll-free sections also showed serious shortage of street parking grids and the illegal parking rate raised significantly.