竹材之適應性接頭與竹構造數位模擬程序

Abstract

現今在竹材的應用上，僅有臨時裝置物等壽命不長的空間型態會選擇使用「竹」作為構築材料，且竹材在施作上的難度亦大大降低了使用意願，主要有以下兩個原因：其一，竹材為自然材，因其為天然的自然物，因此每根管徑不一，難以施作，且受力不平均，易受破壞；其二，因應這樣的特性所發展出兩種構造方式，分別為傳統的繩綁法，以及新式的金屬構件加工。前者耗時費力，且需大量人力與經驗累積，後者在加工時竹材遭刺穿後結構性降低，且裸露在外的竹肉易腐敗。

因此，以探討竹構築未來之可能性作為基礎，期望以「竹」作為建材，相較於過去仰賴人力與技術經驗的繩綁法，以及現今以金屬構件進行破壞性加工等方式，本研究將針對竹材之接頭與構造作為創新目標。

透過實際操作以及參數化的模擬作為研究方法，反覆進行交互驗證與修正，第一階段經過數據與資料分析，產出通用於三種竹子常用形式之夾具與接點類型，並以此為基礎，共可產出六種接頭與十六種配對，並以此結果產出接頭進行實作測試；第二階段則是整合第一階段之成果，在真實條件下以數位工具模擬，將各式參數編制成規則匯入，並結合適應性接頭，以此兩者製成能夠自動模擬竹構築型態之程序。

本研究期望以此兩者成果，達到竹建材之組構方式及施作方式的新突破：適應性接頭解決了耗時耗力與破壞性高的疑慮，在可大量生產、簡易搭建的情況下，使得竹材得以更便利的施工；而竹構造數位模擬程序則是能夠在真實條件下以適應性接頭作為基礎進行模擬，便於使用者選擇竹材進行空間構築的設計，使竹材的接受度與使用度有所提升，進而成為構築方面的新選擇。

Modern application of bamboo is mostly used on temporary installations. The difficulty of applying bamboo makes this material less appealing, mostly for two reasons. First, bamboo is a natural material, and therefore the radius of each bamboo stalk is different, making it hard to work on. Bamboo is also hard for any force to be evenly applied, which makes bamboo a fragile material. Second, there are two ways of constructing bamboo in adaption to bamboo’s natural properties. One traditional way is to use ropes; the other more modern way is to use metal. The former way requires a lot of time, effort and experience, while the latter damages the bamboo’s structure when penetrating the bamboo. Also with the latter method, the exposed potion of the bamboo is prone to rot.

This research aims to discover the potentials of bamboo, in the hope to find a way apart from the traditional rope method and the more modern metal method to use bamboo as a building material. This research puts the joint and structure of bamboo as its innovative objective.

This research uses practical operation and parameterized simulation as its research method, which incorporates repetitive tests and corrections. The first stage is to analyze data, followed by the production of three types of bamboo attachments and joints. 6 joint types can be produced according to the data analysis, and based on these types, there can be 16 different combinations, according to which, joints are produced and tested. The second stage is to perform simulations with digital tools based on actual conditions learnt from the first stage. In combination with the design of adaptable joints, variable parameters are put into scripts witch consequently define a procedure to automatically simulate the construction of bamboo.

This research sets goals on adaptable joints and the simulation of bamboo construction, with the intent to pioneer new ways to construct with bamboo. Firstly, adaptable joints not only save time and effort, they also reduce the possibility of damaging the bamboo. As the joints can be mass produced and easily arranged, they can potentially make bamboo constructions more efficient. Secondly, the digital design process allows designers to simulate the construction of bamboo based on actual conditions. With these two goals achieved, rate of acceptance and usage of bamboo may increase, making bamboo a new option for construction.