從野百合、野草莓到太陽花：學運中媒體框架的轉變

Abstract

本研究旨在探討學生運動的媒體框架之轉變，研究以1990年的野百合學運、2008年的野草莓學運以及2014年的太陽花學運之報導為研究對象，探討主流媒體報導學生運動時使用了何種框架，以及三個學運的媒體框架之異同。 研究發現，主流媒體報導學生運動所使用的框架有「秩序」、「家長式作風」與「強調衝突」與「新聞娛樂化」等四個主框架，其中前三個框架在三個學生運動中皆很突出，反映臺灣社會在這二十四年來皆很重視社會秩序以及人倫秩序。然而仔細審視，亦可發現這些框架的詮釋亦有細微變化，特別是在家長式作風下，太陽花學運時期的社會文化比野百合時期更信任學生的思考能力與決定。而「新聞娛樂化」則是在在野草莓學運中浮現、至太陽花學運中相當突顯，反映了新聞報導逐漸以通俗新聞為取向，日趨注重報導的娛樂性以吸引閱聽眾的目光；此外，媒體的立場亦有強化的趨勢，不同媒體藉由不同的媒體包裹表達其鮮明之立場，框架競爭更激烈。

This thesis focus on media framing of three student movements in Taiwan: Wild Lily Movement of 1990, Wild Strawberries Movement of 2008 and Sunflower Movement of 2014. Four main media frames of student movements are found: “Social Order,” “Paternalism,” “Conflict” and “Infotainment”. The first three frames are conspicuous in all of the three movements, reflecting that social harmony and Confucius ethics are highly valued in Taiwan. Nevertheless, there are also subtle changes under these three frames; in particular, the autonomy of students has been increasingly recognized in the later movements. Another noticeable change is the trend towards “Infotainment,” which emerged as a major media frame in the Wild Lily movement and became a dominant one in the Sunflower movement. This shows that news media are increasingly driven by entertainment and profit-making. Besides, their viewpoints on student movements also become divergent, sometimes in opposite positions.