智慧電網及再生能源併網後電價計費關鍵因素分析

Abstract

為提高能源安全及能源自主，各國均積極推廣再生能源布建及電網強化，而台灣屬島嶼型獨立電網且能源供應高度仰賴進口，近年亦規劃多項能源轉型及智慧電網政策，以最佳化供需能源利用。由電網結構轉變，思考對需求面最直接影響之合理電價與健全電網之關連，為本研究探討重點。 本研究採用文獻分析法及深度訪談法對智慧電網及再生能源併網發展進行探討研究，彙整相關文獻研析國內外發展現況及未來規劃，復透過專家訪談以驗證關鍵影響因素與電價之相關性，並針對電價調整及電網規劃提出建議。 透過分析發現再生能源及智慧電網併網對電價之關鍵影響因素包括：能源結構、電力市場經營模式、布建成本、相關電力產業發展、供電責任分攤、用電使用者付費程度、電網資訊應用程度、供電品質要求及缺電成本。 依本研究分析結果，分別就電網發展及電價規劃上提出建議。電網發展建議由需求面調整能源政策、培育能源資訊應用技術及人才以利多元電價規劃、明確電力市場各電業供電責任以提升電能效率。電價規劃上建議：依供電成本及用電訊號調整時間電價結構、依行業用電特性訂定電價調整頻率、電力建設由電力收益支應以減少交叉補貼、加強能源管理取代低電價產業保護、社會責任回歸政府編列預算以合理反應外部成本。

In order to improve energy security and energy-independent, countries aggressively promoting the deployment of renewable energy and strengthening their electrical power grid. Because the power-grid is independent and islanding in Taiwan, and energy resources is mostly supplied by importing, many energy transition and smart grid policies have been drawn up to optimize supply and demand energy usage. The purpose of this study was to investigate what are the associated factors of electricity price while smart-grid developed and large amount renewable energy connected to the grid, using the document analysis and the in-depth interview technique. Through the analysis revealed that associated factors were: energy structure, electricity market model, construct cost, power industry developmen, the sharing of power-supply responsibility, user-pays, application of power grid information, power quality requirements and power outage cost. This study’s recommendations were that, adjust the energy policy on demand side, cultivate power data analyst to facilitate the multi-price, clarify electricity supply responsibility to enhance energy efficiency, set the price discrimination according to the generation cost, consider power outage cost from industry characteristics, set the price adjustment frequency according to electricity industry characteristics, power construction funds pay form power income to reduce cross-subsidy, strengthen energy management to replace industrial protection, social responsibility expenditure pay from the government budget to reflect the external costs.