台灣晶圓代工業者至中國大陸設廠之前瞻與決策模型

Abstract

台灣為全球晶圓代工產業龍頭，雖然前兩大晶圓代工業者產值占全球近七成的比 重，但晶圓代工產業亦為中國大陸政府重點發展項目，持續投入資金協助中國大陸晶 圓廠進行研發及擴廠。在此情況下，近來台灣業者赴大陸設置晶圓廠的動作也日趨頻 繁，一部分考量未來大陸半導體市場規模比重將日益升高之外，最主要的考量是大陸 官方有意落實在當地銷售晶片需大量在中國進行生產的政策。所以短期內包括台積電、 聯電、力晶均積極赴大陸投資設廠。 本研究期望能整理歸納有助於協助晶圓代工業者準備中國大陸設廠的評估策略模 式。目的為[發展適合晶圓代工業者進行中國大陸布局的決策模型]，以協助台灣廠商在 進行設廠時能夠全面考量所有影響因子，選擇最適合該公司的區域與行動方針，讓學 習旮線縮短，以保持企業的領先地位與國際競爭力。 本研究透過文獻探討與專家方談的方式決定中國大陸設廠廠址選擇時考量與評估 的構面準則。本研究提出適用於晶圓代工業者適用於大陸廠址選擇的三項準則維度與 九 項準則評估因子，用於協助業者在進行廠址選擇時有所依據。本研究使用 AHP 和 DANP 級分析法選擇模型，第一階段透過兩輪的專家訪談與討論確認三項準則維度與九 項準則評 估因子。第二階段設計問卷，針對三家晶圓代工業者進行調查，首先透過 AHP 層級分析法相關一致性指標得到各準則問題之因子重要性排序。其次，再利用 DANP 法得到各準則因子間的因果關聯性報告與重要性排序報告。第三階段進行小組討 論，分析上述報告得到綜合結論，提供每一個大陸設廠地進行設廠時應注意的關鍵重 點以及需改善的目標。 透過 AHP 層級分析法，本研究得到三大準則維度中最主要的影響因子，「產業法 令」、「群聚效應」、「水電供應」為晶圓代工業者在大陸廠址選擇的關鍵因子。透 過 DANP 方法，本研究得到在九項準則因子中，「政府效能」為晶圓代工業者大陸廠 址選擇評估中最主要的影響因子，其次依序是「產業法令」與 「群聚效應」，顯示這 三個因子是設廠最重要的影響因素。透過 DANP 方法的重要性程度分析，準則因素中 則以「群聚效應」與「水電供應」分居一二名。晶圓代工業者非常重視供應鏈及水電 的供給是否滿足需求，晶圓代工業者可藉由政府積極的推動及修改產業法令，使得 「群聚效應」與「水電供應」滿足廠商的需求。總結專家結論，憑藉台灣晶圓代工的 競爭優勢，只要能取得大陸當地政府的全力支持，廠址選擇的評估幾乎可以水到渠成

Taiwan is the global wafer foundry industry leader, although the top two foundry industry accounted for nearly 70% of the global output value, but the wafer foundry industry is also the focus of the Chinese mainland government development projects, continue to invest funds to help the Chinese mainland company engaged in R & D and expansion. So the short term, including TSMC, UMC and PSMC are actively investing in the mainland to set up factories. This study is expected to be summarized to help the foundry to prepare China to set up factories in the assessment strategy model. The aim is to [develop a decision model for the development of the Chinese mainland for the foundry industry] to assist Taiwanese manufacturers to take full account of all the influencing factors when setting up factories, select the regional and action policy that best suits the company and shorten the learning curve , In order to maintain the leading position and international competitiveness.

In this study, AHP and DANP analysis were used to select the model. The first stage identified three criteria dimensions and nine factors through two rounds of expert interviews and discussions. The second stage design questionnaire, for the three foundry survey, first through the AHP level analysis of the relevant consistency indicators to get the criteria of the importance. Secondly, the DANP method is used to obtain the cause-effect report and importance ranking report among the criterion factors. The third stage of the group discussion, the analysis of the report to be a comprehensive conclusion.

Through the AHP hierarchy analysis, this study has been the most important factor in the three criteria dimensions. The "Industrial Law", "Cluster Effect" and "Water Supply" are the key factors for the foundry selection at the mainland site. Through the DANP method, this study has obtained the most important influencing factors in the selection of the mainland site selection of the foundry industry among the nine criteria factors, followed by the "Industrial Law" and "the cluster effect". Showing that these three factors are the most important influencing factors. Through the analysis of the importance of the DANP method, the criteria factor are the "water supply" and "cluster effect". The wafer industry attaches great importance to the supply chain and the supply of water and electricity to meet the demand, the foundry can be actively promoted by the government and modify the industry laws and regulations, making the "cluster effect" and "water supply" to meet the needs of manufacturers. Summed up the experts concluded that by virtue of Taiwan's foundry competitive advantage, as long as the mainland government can get the full support of the site selection assessment can be a matter of course.