标题: 客家家庭之多元族群妇女的角色地位:以北埔地区为例
Women’s Role with Inter-ethnical Marriage in Hakka Families—The Case of Beipu
作者: 林昕珈
潘美玲
Lin, Hsin-Chia
Pan, Mei-Lin
客家文化学院客家社会与文化学程
关键字: 跨族通婚;新移民女性;客家家庭;北埔;妇女地位;inter-ethnical marriage;new immigrant women;Hakka family;Beipu;females’s position
公开日期: 2016
摘要: 北埔地区客家人比例甚高,随着现代化及全球化的影响,具有多元族群通婚的现象。过去习惯内婚的客家族群,偏向娶同文化的客家女性,但随着现代化的推展,各族群透过求学、工作接触的方式而有了更多互相交流的机会;同时在全球化的经济发展下,跨国婚姻也提高了国人婚配对象的选择性。以北埔地区来看,客家族群的婚配对象不只有客家妇女,还有闽南妇女以及新住民妇女,新住民妇女的部分则有来自印尼、越南、缅甸、泰国以及中国大陆地区等国家,该地客家家庭已然具有多元族群文化的色彩。
客家社会具有浓厚的父权意识,因此客家妇女在家庭中多位于从属性的地位,且被要求必须具备勤奋、能干、刻苦耐劳的形象,然而当本地的婚配妇女族群比例改变时,这样的要求是否能够被来自于不同文化及不同国家的妇女们接受并遵行,是一个值得研究的问题。
除了传统父权的性别意识之外,妇女的经济贡献度也是影响其家庭地位的重要因素。在传统的客家社会中,妇女的劳动多半被视为是家务的延伸或农业部门的补充劳动力,然而随着妇女的稳定就业,并成为家庭经济重要的收入来源时,其在客家家庭中的地位是否产生新的影响力量?
在本研究中,因妇女的原生文化背景与独立的经济能力在族群通婚家庭中产生之影响,的确为客家社会女性的传统依附性地位,带来了转变的契机与力量。
Traditionally, Hakka males married within their own culture and village—i.e. Beipu. However, as modernity’s expanded options increased both social and geographic mobility, each and every ethnic groups raised the interactions and social chances between each other. But those Hakka males who are suffering from great economical troubles can’t no longer get wives. Therefore that are showing more inter-ethnical marriages to enrich their background and supply. Thus, when choosing marriage partners, men from BeiPu not only chooses Hakka female, they are also now choosing Hoklo ethnic Taiwanese females and new residents from outer places or those who are from other countries. These new residents could be from Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand or areas of China.
The Hakka wife’s traditional workload has always been heavy, and she deferred to her husband. The question remains as to whether or not these inter-ethnical wives are able—or even willing—to accept this traditional submissive role within the Hakka family unit while bearing the brunt of the domestic tasks.
In addition to housework, in the past the wife contributed further financially through farm work or cottage industry. Today, housework remains, but the expected financial contribution must be met outside the home. Is this increased earning power and socio-economic power outside the home leading to a demand for a changed position within the traditional Hakka patriarchal power structure when they return? These females’s role in families are affected indeed when they get jobs, especially that females are becoming the main incoming sources.
In this research, woman’s native cultural background and individual socio-economic conditions with financial abilities, has changed the Hakka tradition society woman’s position.
URI: http://etd.lib.nctu.edu.tw/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT070155514
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/142996
显示于类别:Thesis