文化的經驗：傅柯的歐洲中心主義與文化製圖的生命政治

Abstract

本文以傅柯1979年有關伊朗革命的文章為線索，去探討《詞與物》一書考古學方法論的生命政治內涵與限度。根據傅柯的康德主義立場，凡是「知識型」都無法反映其自身的可能條件。本文假設文化主義才是考古學方法論的基礎條件，同時也是其主要的生命政治運作方式。這樣的假設一旦成立的話，我們就必須探討這樣的問題：不同文化之間的間隔性並非個別特殊文化的特徵，而是一種共同技術或實踐。換言之，考古學方法論背後假設存在一種生命政治技術的話呢……？

This essay examines Michel Foucault's writings on the Iranian Revolution of 1979 for clues about both the biopolitical limits of the archaeological method deployed in The Order of Things (Les mots et les choses).Following Foucault's Kantianism, which holds that an episteme cannot reflect its own proper conditions of possibility, we examine the hypothesis that culturalism is in fact one of the foundational conditions necessary for the archaeological method and at the same time its principle biopolitical mode of operation. Once this possibility can be admitted, it becomes imperative to explore the notion that discontinuities between cultures are not distinct to one particular culture but may in fact be managed through a common technique or practice. What if, in other words, there is a biopolitical technology at work behind the archaeological method?