不同配速策略對女子400公尺跨欄成績之影響

Abstract

目的：近年世界田徑賽事中400公尺跨欄世界紀錄屢屢創新，本研究旨在探討世界優秀運動員Sydney McLaughlin如何再次突破最佳成績，並找出適合我國400公尺跨欄選手設計訓練計畫之運用。方法：以Sydney McLaughlin於2021－2022年間4次打破400公尺跨欄世界紀錄賽事為研究對象，採用觀察性分析針對國際田徑（World Athletics）所提供正式比賽影片進行資料蒐集，並以描述性統計來分析400公尺跨欄全程跑比賽過程中，各欄間秒數、步數與成績關係之情況。結果：一、400公尺跨欄要突破成績，欄間節奏的步數為首先要減少的關鍵，其次在轉換欄間節奏前的步數設定，建議以能維持速度且穩定的步數跨越6個欄架以上再做步數調整。二、400公尺跨欄有效率控制不同區間速度，使欄間秒數遞增情況成為一種模式，穩定節奏，可影響最終成績表現。結論：欄間速度的提升來自步幅與步頻的交互組成，還有欄架過欄技術，因此建議在訓練上，可安排事前設定的欄間步數，增快速度節奏，高速過欄之訓練方式。

Purpose: The world records in 400m hurdles have been reset frequently in recent years. This study aims to investigate how the elite athlete Stdney Mclauglin improved her personal best again and again. The result is applied to develop a training strategy suitable for our national-level athletes who compete in 400m hurdles. Method: This study examined and analyzed the four races from 2021 to 2022 in which Sydney McLaughlin broke the female world record. Based on the observational data acquired from the official videos provided by World Athletics, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the dependence of the performance on the split time and the number of strides in each interval along the whole race. Results: 1. The main focus of enhancing 400m hurdles performance should be minimizing the step numbers between subsequent hurdles. Moreover, the stride pattern adjustment should not occur before maintaining velocity to clear the first six hurdles. 2. Hurdlers should effectively control velocity in each interval to gradually increase the time per interval. A stable rhythm pattern is crucial to obtain the best result. Conclusion: The hurdling speed could be increased by balancing stride length and stride frequency and executing proper techniques of hurdle clearance. Therefore, as for a training strategy, it is suggested to set up the number of strides between hurdles first and then increase the rate and clear the hurdles at high speed.