标题: 客家与胡椒:砂拉越古晋地区客家胡椒农的种植史与集体记忆
Hakka and Pepper: Cultivation History and Collective Memory of Hakka Pepper Farmers in Kuching, Sarawak
作者: 柯朝钦
Chao-ching Ko
关键字: 砂拉越胡椒;砂拉越客家;集体记忆;客家胡椒种植;Sarawak Pepper;Sarawak Hakka;Collective Memory;Hakka Pepper Cultivation
公开日期: 五月-2024
出版社: 国立阳明交通大学客家文化学院
College of Hakka Studies
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
摘要: 马来西亚的胡椒主要产自砂拉越,而砂拉越主要的胡椒种植者一百多年来都是客家人为主。直到上个世纪末,客家人才逐渐淡出胡椒种植,改由原住民为主要的胡椒种植者。尽管胡椒是砂拉越客家150年来的重要维生产业,但是在马来西亚的客家历史与客家文化的论述中,比起西加里曼丹的开矿公司的迁移与战争史诗,胡椒显然还不算上是一个重要的“客家元素”。本研究因此试图对砂拉越的胡椒种植进行产业田野调查与历史资料采集,藉由对当地客家胡椒种植园主的实地考察以及口述采访,来描绘战后以来客家胡椒园的产业兴衰现况,以及胡椒种植对于当地客家人在社会、经济、政治等方面产生的影响。最后,本文也从《砂拉越宪报》关于祈求胡椒丰收的庆典报导,以及从60-70年代砂拉越重要的中文杂志《海豚》报导的整理,以及笔者对古晋附近客家农民的访谈,描绘了一个砂拉越客家人所共有的胡椒种植的集体记忆。
Pepper is one of the most significant plants in history. Being the “king of spices,” pepper was traded over long distances between Europe and Asia during the “Geographical Discovery.” Pepper is similar to coffee, sugar cane, tobacco, and rubber in that it transcends regional economies and is deeply embedded in the global trade network.
Malaysia is currently among the top five pepper exporters in the world. Malaysian pepper is mainly produced in Sarawak, where it had been cultivated by the Hakka people for more than a century. Only in the 1980s did the Hakka people stop cultivating pepper. The aborigines took their place.
Although pepper cultivation was economically important for the Hakka people in Sarawak for 150 years, pepper is not a prominent “Hakka element” in discussions on Hakka collective memory and Hakka culture compared with discussions on the migration of mining companies and war epics in West Kalimantan.
Therefore, this study conducted industrial fieldwork and historical data collection on pepper cultivation in Sarawak.
Through investigations and oral interviews with local Hakka pepper plantation owners, this study attempted to describe the rise and fall of the Hakka pepper plantation industry in the postwar period, as well as the social, economic, and political effects of pepper planting.
This article briefly describes the social history of Hakka pepper farmers from the 1940s to the 1980s and presents their collective memory during this period.
Finally, this article compares reports in the Sarawak Gazette of festival prayers for a good pepper harvest with reports in Dolphin (海豚), an important Chinese magazine in Sarawak in the 1960s and 1970s. Interviews with Hakka farmers near Kuching illustrate a shared collective memory of pepper cultivation.
URI: https://ghk.hakka.nycu.edu.tw/issueArticle.asp?P_No=59&CA_ID=613
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/163002
ISSN: 2308-2437
期刊: 全球客家研究
Global Hakka Studies
Issue: 22
起始页: 47
结束页: 100
显示于类别:Global Hakka Studies


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