創傷記憶與哀悼公共化：以台北101伙伴碑為例

Abstract

本研究探究台北101 伙伴碑的建造始末，回溯331 工殤事件的集體記憶：從摩天大樓的風光與風險，到災難發生後促成勞工安全法令修改，以及勞資政協商建立工殤紀念碑，籌備過程的政治角力；最終以工殤家屬的口述歷史重建敘事主體，呈現五個勞動家庭遭逢職災後的生計、離散問題，以及倖存者經由夢魘、失眠、流淚一再重返的創傷。並延伸探討以下問題：公開的集體悼念，與個別亡者家屬的創傷經驗，發生什麼樣的連結或排斥？創傷是可以轉化的嗎？無法或不願被納入集體的個別創傷，經驗了什麼？如何連結矛盾的社會事實，以及未完成的哀悼？ 研究發現：一，當事人的創傷需要時間轉化，也需要集體支撐。失去至親的工殤家屬，在個人思念與公共紀念之間，至少要歷經排斥─接受─認同的漫長時間差，且未必能獨自走到認同。二，建碑是哀悼公共化的起點，需要社會關注來錨定紀念意義，始得以承接工殤家屬的創傷。三，集體記憶若只聚焦在高樓的消費亮面，卻迴避建造過程的犧牲暗面，才是真正的殘酷不仁。而創傷記憶惟有經過民主參與、公共哀悼，才得以轉化意義。

Research on the construction of the Taipei 101 Partners’ Memorial traces the origin and progress, revisiting the collective memory of the occupational incident caused by the 331 Earthquake. It encompasses the journey from the glamour and risks of skyscrapers to the modification of labor safety laws after the disaster, as well as the labor-management negotiations leading to the establishment of a memorial for the deceased workers. The political maneuvering during the preparation process ultimately redefines the narrative through the oral history of the families of the deceased workers. It presents the livelihood and dispersion issues faced by five labor families after 331 occupational accidents and the trauma survivors repeatedly reliving through nightmares, insomnia, and tears. Between the public mourning and the individual traumas of the deceased’s families, what kind of connections or rejections occur? Can trauma be transformed? What do individuals who can’t or do not wish to be included in the collective experience? How to connect contradictory social facts and unfinished mourning? The study findings are as follows: First, trauma transformation requires time and collective support. For the families of workers who have lost their lives, there is at least a long gap between personal remembrance and public memorialization, and they may not be able to reach acceptance alone. Second, erecting a memorial is only the starting point of public mourning. Without follow-up actions, unfinished mourning cannot fully address the traumas of the families of deceased workers. Third, if collective memory only focuses on the bright side of consumption in high-rise buildings while avoiding the sacrifices made during construction, that is true cruelty and lack of humanity. Traumatic memories can only be transformed through democratic participation and public mourning to give them meaning.