企業導入企業資源規劃系統對供應鏈管理能力之影響

Abstract

企業所面臨的環境更複雜競爭更劇烈，已不能以單打獨鬥方式面對客戶多變的需求。因此供應鏈設計成為企業重要的核心能力。為提升供應鏈管理能力，企業必須借重資訊系統。因而以企業流成為導向設計的企業資源規劃系統(Enterprise resource planning, ERP) 橫掃產業界。許多組織不惜耗費巨額資金以導入企業資源規劃系統，而企業資源規劃系統也被視為提升供應鏈管理效能不可或缺的要素。然而，導入ERP系統既昂貴，也可能具風險。因此資訊經理人必須審慎評估，以有限的資源投資在正確的資訊系統上。是否ERP對供應鏈管理能力的提升具有正面的影響力？我們的研究焦點因而置於此。 本研究首先著眼於近年來相關的供應鏈管理與企業資源規劃議題：第一，對供應鏈管理與企業資源規劃做定義；第二，回顧過去的相關文獻，提出概念性架構以闡明企業資源規劃的效益與供應鏈管理能力，並檢視前者對後者的影響；第三，資料的蒐集以台灣資訊科技產業為主，並透過專家深入訪談與問卷方式取得資料。架構模型以結構方程模型作分析。研究結果得到五大企業資源規劃效益中的三大效益 – 營運、管理、與策略效益對供應鏈管理能力具正面影響。而資訊科技與組織效益不具顯著影響效力。同時，超過百分之八十的受訪者認為企業應該先行導入企業資源規劃系統，作為企業資訊的骨幹，再行考量部署其他資訊系統 – 如供應鏈管理系統，較能彰顯效益。

Supply chain design is becoming a core competency. The Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is expected to be an integral component of Supply Chain Management (SCM). Installing an ERP system is, however, expensive and risky. IT managers must decide how to use their limited resources and invest in the right product. Can an ERP system directly im-prove SCM competency? Our research is therefore focusing on the relationship between ERP and SCM. First, definitions of SCM and definitions of ERP are provided. Second, a review of past research on ERP and SCM is presented to illustrate the ERP benefits and supply chain com-petencies. A conceptual framework was proposed. The framework is featuring the ERP bene-fits and supply chain competences, and examines the impacts of the former on the latter. Third, the data collected from Taiwanese IT firms through experts interviewing and survey. The framework was evaluated using a structural equation analysis. The results confirm the opera-tional, managerial, and strategic benefits of ERP for the SCM competency, but not the IT in-frastructure and organizational benefits as significant predictors of them. Moreover, more than 80% of respondents think it necessary to first adopt an ERP system as the backbone of com-pany operations before deploying other enterprise systems (ES), such as the SCM system.