知識分享與平權對團體績效表現的影響

Abstract

本研究的目的在探討知識分享與平權對團體創意與績效的影響。我們假設知識分享與平權的情境可以提升團體成員對一法則有較多的證偽測試行為，並且也可在面對一些現象時，促使團員可以提出較多的假設，對自己的想法可有較多的測試，進而促進新發則的發現。此外，知識分享與平權的情境也可有助於團體成員將不同的資料加以整合，對問題因而可有較周延的分析，及產生較周延的解決方案。研究中，160位大學生以兩人一組的方式被隨機分派到2（知識分享或不分享）x 2（平權或不平權）的情境中以隨機的順序進行一假設檢定作業及一246法則發現作業，最後則是進行一問題解決作業。研究結果顯示，在假設檢定作業中，知識分享或平權均無助於團隊成員對一個法則產生質疑並以證偽邏輯找出有效的事證來推翻它。但是在法則發現作業中，團員間若可分享知識且平權時，可以顯著的提升團隊歸納出現象背後的正確法則的成效。在問題解決作業中，團員間若可分享知識且平權也可以提升團體整合各自擁有的資訊以分析問題，及對問題提出較周延的解答。研究也發現，在不平權的情境中，具有監督與決策權的人對提升團隊創意及問題解決績效毫無作用，且普遍會使團隊對自己的表現產生過高的信心。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing and egalitarianism on group creativity and group performance. One hundred and sixty students were randomly paired and assigned to 2 knowledge sharing (sharing or no sharing) X 2 power structure (equal or unequal) to work on three different kinds of tasks: hypothesis testing, rule discovery, and problem solving. For hypothesis testing task, performance was determined by whether or not the group was able to use the falsification logic in testing a rule. For rule discovery task, the group performance was measured by the number of hypotheses they could generated based on limited amount of data, the extent of hypothesis testing, and the number of correct rule discovered. For problem solving task, the performance was determined by whether or not different sources of information was combined to diagnose the problem situation and to devise the solution. Result showed that knowledge sharing and egalitarianism had no effect in improving the quality of hypothesis testing. However, the joined effect of knowledge sharing and egalitarianism produced better performance in rule discovery and problem solving. The sole contribution of leaders in a 2-person group was just an elevation of illusory confidence in the group’s performance.