研發專案之專案特性與領導行為對專案績效之影響~以高科技產業為例

Abstract

專案是目前高科技產業在研究發展上，普遍實行的建置，其中，專案領導者是整個專案的靈魂人物，如何創造高績效表現的專案團隊，還需要專案的特性與領導者的相互搭配進行。本研究以研發專案比例最高的高科技產業為研究對象，目的在探討研發專案的專案特性與領導行為的相關性，以及兩者的交互作用對績效的影響。 本研究以專案規模、目標明確度、專案困難度與客戶主導性等四項專案特性與體恤與結構兩種領導行為構面探討兩者間的影響關係。此外，並以專案績效為依變數，針對專案特性與領導行為兩者的交互作用，觀察領導行為對專案績效的影響效果，是否會因為專案特性的不同而有不同的影響。針對高科技產業的研發人員，以問卷收集專案資料，並針對資料進行統計分析，以因素分析、信度分析、相關分析及迴歸分析等驗證假說。研究結果顯示領導者的領導行為會因為專案特性的不同而有影響；領導行為對專案績效的影響則會受專案特性干擾，而有不同的影響效果。其中，結構行為對成果績效的影響效果則會受目標明確度與客戶主導性有相反的權變影響。

High performance of a R&D team in the high-tech industry depends on the congruence between project characteristics and leadership. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between R&D project characteristics and leadership and the influence of their interactions on the project performance. The study investigated the relationship between project characteristics (project scale, target specificity, project difficulty and customer dominance) and leadership (consideration and initiating structure). Furthermore, we observe if the effect of leadership on project performance changes in accordance with project characteristics. We used questionnaires to collect data from R&D project team members in high-tech industry and verify our hypotheses by statistical analyses. We concluded that leadership is related with project characteristics; the influence of leadership on project performance also relied on project characteristics. Furthermore, we found that specificity of project goals and project customer’s dominance moderated the effect of project leader’s initiating structure on performance of project..