數位媒材對電影空間真實性的影響

Abstract

電影的影像空間在傳統上是經由被安排在攝影機前的實體所構成的，因此它包含了兩種不同層次的空間形式：一是藉由攝影機的錄像原理而產生的影像，是一種二維的平面空間；二是在拍攝現場所存在的實體空間，也稱為「場景」。在數位媒材的介入後，除了從本質上改變了影像的物質性，對電影來說，更重要的是對電影空間構成元素的影響，逐漸造就了現今電影中豐富的空間變化以及為大眾帶來更多元的觀影樂趣。因此，本研究主要目標為歸納出以數位媒材構成電影影像空間逼真度的相關因子，進而探討在數位媒材加入後，對電影影像空間在特徵與類型上所產生的變化。

基於上述的目標，在研究方法與步驟上主要分為文獻分析推論與案例研究兩大部分。在第一步驟中經由對文獻的分析推論出構成電影影像空間逼真度的三大類因子(視覺、空間與操作因子)；而第二部份則分為三個步驟進行：1.特徵的案例研究：以三類因子為基礎，選擇五個案例進行特徵上的分析。2.類型的案例研究：同樣基於三類因子以十個案例進行與電影影像空間類型相關的分析。3.分析與結論：在這步驟將由上述案例中歸納出電影影像空間在特徵與類型上的變化。

本研究首先從文獻分析的過程推論出在視覺、空間與操作三類因子中個別的關鍵元素群組，將其置入案例中逐一檢視。在特徵的研究結果初步發現三種數位媒材對電影影像空間造成的特徵變化：1.空間的連續性：傳統以剪接手法建立的空間脈絡，在數位媒材的輔助下改變了連續性空間的表現形式。2.空間的開放性：以棚內搭景或微縮模型呈現的室內場景，數位媒材改善了室內空間在視覺上的開放性。3.空間的混雜性：電影影像空間呈現出在景觀或構造上的混雜。最後，在類型的研究結果亦從案例中歸納出三種空間類型，它們分別是：超媒介空間、對數位空間的再現以及以全數位空間呈現的空間類型。這些研究結果顯示了數位媒材對電影影像語言的影響以及建立電影的影像空間在類型分類上的基礎。

Traditionally, film space was constituted through physical objects which had been arranged in front of the camera. Therefore, the space of film contained two different levels of spatial form: first, the image which was produced by camera’s recording process, which was a two dimensional space; second, the physical space of the filming site, also known as the “set”. The introduction of digital media not only changed the materiality of images essentially, but more importantly, it influenced the construction elements of film space, which gradually made the significant change seen in film space today that have led to greater enjoyment in viewing.. Therefore, the main topic of this research is to conduct a meta-analysis of the factors affecting the realness of film images when using digital media to construct film space, and to discuss how digital media has changed both the characteristics and types of film space.

Based on the above topic, the research methodology consists of two parts: one is an analysis of previous research and the other is the use of case studies. The first part finds three categories of factors crucial to constructing the realness of film space. The second part is divided into three steps: 1. analyze the film space in five films using the factors from the first part, 2. analyze another ten films containing a different type of film space with the same three categories of factors, and 3. from the first two analysis, form a conclusion regarding the changes in characteristics and types of film space.

The research result suggests three new characteristics in film space since digital media involves the process of film production, also finds three types of film space with the idea of digital media. This research offers a fundamental framework for classification of film space which could be used as a guideline in further study.