建築風格辨識觀點的轉換-- 數位風格的浮現

Abstract

風格即形式，風格即過程，風格即媒材。

在建築設計理論探討的議題中，風格的存在一直是觀察設計者其設計思考的一大重要指標。設計領域很早就談及了風格的問題，研究者們從形式的觀點、認知或運算的觀點、晚近是媒材的觀點，分別對「風格」下了不同的定義。建築風格的浮現從建築物已知的狀態含括到整個設計過程，其組成來源來自：對設計成品的直接描述、製造的過程和設計的過程，其中以設計過程最為重要。 過去對風格的研究，主要集中在作品本身形式上的分析、以及設計問題解決過程的評估。本研究以「媒材」的觀點切入，探討建築領域在電腦這個新的設計媒材出現以後，CAD/CAM作為建築設計和建造過程中一個新的數位設計媒材，對風格形成的影響；進一步討論數位風格現象的浮現與數位風格辨識之間的相互關係。 本研究進行的方式將採取階段性的案例分析，分析在設計過程中使用CAD/CAM的建築案例：首先分析風格因子的組成（組成因子和發生因子）在電腦這個新媒材介入以後，新的定義甚至新的因子浮現的可能性；在此基礎下，探討各因子與建築風格的形成的關係；最後重新界定建築領域在數位媒材影響下的「風格」，並綜合討論數位的建築風格辨識原則與特性。 由於數位媒材所能提供的多樣性和高度創意，當代的建築案例並不存在一種普遍共享的風格定義。本研究修正了過去的研究者使用的風格描述架構和風格分析的方法，提出一個「演化式」的風格辨識觀點，以彌補數位時代的建築在風格分析策略上的不足；同時協助後續的研究者突破風格文法的限制，使有能力去分析當代建築師的風格形成。

Style follows form. Style follows processes. Style follows media. “Style” has long been an important index to observe the design thinking of designers in architecture. It has referred to the problem of the style long ago in the field of design. The researchers have made different definitions to ' the style ' separately from the view of form, the views of cognition or computation, and viewpoint of media usage. The emergence of architectural style includes together from known state of the building to the whole design process, its components can arise from three sources: direct description of the final object, the processes used to manufacture it and the processes used to design it; among them the design process is the most important. The study on style in the past focused on the analysis of form and the evaluation of design processes. This research cuts with view of media and probes into the influence of CAD/CAM, serving as a new digital design media in the architectural design and construction processes, on the formation of style. Further, it discusses the emergence of digital style phenomena and its interrelationship with the recognition of digital style. This research adopts phased case analysis to analyse architectural cases that using CAD/CAM in the course of designing: First, give the new definition of the composition of style factors or even the possibility of new emerging factor after computer gets involved; Under this foundation, probe into the relation between these factors and the formation of architectural style; Define ' the style ' of the architecture field under the influence of digital media and discuss synthetically the principles and characteristics of the recognition of digital architectural style. Because diversity and high intention that digital media can offer, no existing one common-share style definition among all contemporary architectural cases. This research has revised the method of style analysis and style description framework that pre-researchers have used in the past and proposed a evolutionary viewpoint of style recognition to supplement the deficiency of style analysis strategies in the digital era. It also helps the follow-up researcher to break through the restriction of style grammar and enable having the ability to analyse the formations of style of contemporary architects.