以安全衛生理、法令及分析降低營造業職災之研究

Abstract

營造工程為高風險及高災害率之工作場所，由於工作地點不變但工作環境隨時在變。雇主的工作場所的不安全狀況及工作者不安全行為是營造業重大職災的主因(約佔98 %)。 本研究主要探討營造業安全管理與災害防止: 1. 透過營造工程的特性分析，探討營造工程之施工安全管理現況，並對不安全狀況、不安全行為研擬營造安全衛生管理與防止災害策略。 2. 藉由重大職業災害案例彙整及統計資料，檢討營造工程重大死亡職災之主要原因，並經過統計分析，對不安全狀況、不安全行為研擬營造安全衛生管理與防止災害策略。 3. 提出營造工程從規劃、設計、發包、監造及施工等各階段，應將營造安全管理成本融入，足夠的費用可做好營造安全衛生管理。，從而建立整體性營造工程之安全管理系統，期能達成降低職災之目標。 本研究同時收集整理過去數年來我國發生的死亡職災案例，並使用重大職災主因、類別及施工項目，建立重大職災案例資料庫，開發可即時查詢之重大職災案例資料庫管理與查詢系統，供使用者依不同重大職災主因、類別及施工項目交叉查詢各類重大職災案例、針對不安全狀況、不安全行為，提出防災對策，期能供使用者參考達到降低職災目標。並為了降低職災建議政府對安全衛生相關法令部份做修改與加強從小學至大學中安全衛生教育政策，以盡速建立安全 文化重視工作安全及風險管理的觀念，合理安全衛生管理費用可專款專用，徹底改善職災中的不安全狀況及不安全行為。期能讓降低營造業重大職災可以立竿見影功效。

Because the working place is stable but working environment is changeable, therefore the construction engineering has high risk and damage ration. Both of the unsafe condition that caused by employer and the employee’s unsafe action are key reasons to cause significant and serious occupational accidents. (About 98%) This research is main focus on the issue of construction engineering safety management and accidental prevention. Also, this study utilizes different approaches as following in order to establish the total solution of construction engineering safety management for the purpose of lower occupational accidents： (1)The analysis of construction engineering characteristic (2)The statistics of severe occupational cases (3)The analysis of each step of all construction engineering

The research collects the severe occupational cases of Taiwan past few years. Furthermore, it applies the main reasons of severe occupational accidents, category and method of construction as the scheme of the whole database. This database provides the system that users can easily to find the strategies to prevent the occupational accidents through the topics that we mentioned above. Finally, the author proposes the Taiwan government should modify the relevant regulation of construction engineering safety and hygiene management. Also, the government needs to enhance the education in order to establish the risk management and the concept of safety working environment for all citizens.