營造橋梁全跨支撐架工法防墜技術研究

Abstract

橋梁上部結構施工法中以全跨支撐架工法（FSM）工程成本低廉，工法特性適合台灣地形，因此在台灣地區使用的非常普遍；FSM具有設計簡單、曲面線形適用度高、施工危險性高、施工技術低、多運用於高度較低橋墩等工程特色。由以往職災資料得知FSM工法在所有橋梁工法中，災害次數高居第二，發生災害比率為百分之二十六，占了四分之ㄧ高的比例，本研究主要為提出FSM作業危害之解決辦法，做為業界之參考。 經施工作業觀察與風險評估得知，重型鋼管支撐架組架及拆架階段，安全防護薄弱，作業危害性大，分析原因為作業過程無適當之安全母索可供安全帶扣掛、市場上無規格品之施工步道鋪板、作業人員疏忽安全帶鎖扣固定、安全網及攔截網的設置，作業人員認為影響上下與物料運送等危害。 本研究採用「腦力激盪防墜法」，對於FSM作業危害逐項以腦力激盪法提出防墜方案，以工程改善加以消除，建立安全作業標準程序，並以安全管理做為為配套措施，得到作業活動可以在經管控的風險下進行之解決辦法。 研究成果於台灣高鐵公司土建工程C240標實務作業，經過為期一年的觀察，作業期間事故、傷害及死亡案件均為零，因此，證實「腦力激盪防墜法」對於FSM作業是可以確保安全，達成預期研究成果。

The technology of Full Staging Method （FSM）for the construction method of viaducts superstructure engineering are ： low cost, the method characteristic are suitable for Taiwan’s landform；therefore , it’s common in Taiwan. FSM have the following engineering special features：simple design, suitable for the curved face line, high construction risk, low construction technology , use for low-pier viaduct. Knows the previously occupation disaster, the number of occupation disaster on the FSM of all viaducts construction is the second, the proportion of occupation disaster is 26％. This study propose the solution of FSM hazard and provide for industry reference. Knows through construction observation and risk evaluate, set-up and dismantle period of the steel pipe supporting, the safety protection is weak and high endanger of construction；to analysis the reason are：no suitable life line for safety harness to pin up during construction period, no specification product for construction step cushion on the marketing, the operator pay no attention to fixed the snap hook and safety net, operator thought it influence go-up and go-down and material delivery. This study use 「brain storming protection in construction」, using brain storming for FSM hazard propose falling protection method step by step；Set up Safety Standard Operation Procedure and using safety management for integration and get solution for the activity under risk control. The research result for Taiwan High Speed Rail Project Civil work C240 actual activity, after 1 year monitoring , during this period, there is no accident、injury and death. So it's identify that the 「brain storming protection in construction」 for FSM ensure the safety and get the expectation result.