BIM建築資訊模式應用於估算作業之研究─以房屋結構為例

Abstract

營建物生命週期遭遇的問題包括:設計過程中，任何的變更無法同時自動更新相關2D圖面;施工階段時，相同的資料不斷重複輸入，且資料無法有一致性的管理;相同的圖面不斷進行重複的修改與儲存，無法有充足的時間來校正新的圖面;相同的工作團隊，無法對整體工程有相同的理解;無一家軟體廠商能夠提供一個能涵蓋全營建生命週期的應用系統，也無一件工程單靠一家公司的軟體便可完成全部的工作;及於領投標報價階段無法以最快的方法準確估算工程數量。為解決上述問題，國際協同工作聯盟IAI，以建築模型資訊BIM (Building Information Model)的概念，訂定資訊交換標準IFC (Industry Foundation Classes)，IFC已是工程領域常用的標準格式之ㄧ。本研究之目的主要探討在營造階段取得IFC檔案後，利用以BIM系統為基礎之ArchiCAD 12繪圖軟體採用不同構件優先模式建立模型，以探討其數據讀取所存在的問題，及結合IFC之繪圖軟體自動計算數量，評估其估算效益與數量正確性。本論文將採用一支柱、一片牆的三種組合型態及一個包含筏基層與地面二層加屋突層之建築模型案例，利用IFC所產生之數量，以人工驗算與AACC估算軟體進行測試。研究結果證實IFC是一種有效率且具準確性的工具。此外，再以IFC QuickBrowser擷取由IFC資訊交換標準所產生的Schema，探討營建生命週期中對此資訊內容的需求狀況。結果亦顯示IFC資訊內容在建築設計階段是滿足需求的，但在營造施工階段卻是明顯不足。

For a building-construction life-cycle, there are several issues have to be addressed, including (a) any modification-design in analyzing model unable to automatically and simultaneously update the original 2D drawing; (b) corresponding data cannot be managed consistently and need to re-input the same data at every project stages; (c) reiteratively modifying-and-saving the same drawing thus without enough time to prove and correct of new drawing; (d) variant group members (engineers) for a project unable to perceptive the whole project under 2D drawings; (e) no any computer system (software) can be employed to solve a complicated construction project as well as all projects cannot solved via one computer system; and (f) unable to estimate construction-cost promptly while bid tenders. In order to solve these problems, the IAI provides an information exchange standard, IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), with the concept of BIM (Building Information Model) for the field of construction. Currently, IFC has been recognized as a common standard in construction engineering field. The aim of this study is after obtaining IFC files of a construction project, employing the BIM-based ArchiCAD 12 drawing system to build the building model with different components-priority, and estimating the accuracy of the component-quantity calculated via IFC information. Finally, the advantages of the scheme are evaluated and discussed. This work will compare the quantities computed by IFC information manually with those obtained by AACC estimate software. Three different cases are employed in the work, one single column, one wall with particular planning model of grassroots level, and a two-storey building with one overhead floor. In addition, the corresponding IFC schemas are retrieved through IFC QuickBrowser to explore the demand information for their construction life cycle. Based on three cases, simulated results show that BIM model with IFC information can provide satisfactory information in the design stage, but is insufficient in construction phase.