建築資訊模型(BIM)輔助地理資訊系統(GIS)於室內外整合路徑規劃

Abstract

地理資訊系統(Geographic Information Systems, GIS)整合不同尺度及來源的空間資料進行空間分析；建築資訊塑模(Building Information Modeling, BIM)以三維數位形式完整描述營建實體的細部模型。城市緊急應變與行人路徑規劃同時仰賴室內外空間資訊，然建立詳細室內資訊耗時費力。過去文獻提出之室內路網模型(indoor network model)，半自動或手動地產生自建築工程領域之室內資料，因受限於資料形態(如二維平面圖與純幾何三維模型)，僅能有限地表達建物內部環境，整合BIM與GIS將利於室內外資料產製之效率與精度。 本研究在室內路網模型基礎上進一步延伸其幾何與屬性內涵，以BIM為室內資訊來源自動產生多目標幾何路網模型(Multi-purpose Geometric Network Model, MGNM)，並探討室內外路網連結之策略。為達此目標，提出IFC2MGNM 轉換，配合Entrnce2Street策略輔助GIS進行室內外整合路徑規劃。IFC2MGNM 轉換包含： (1)自BIM之開放格式工業基礎類別(Industry Foundation Classes, IFC)萃取所需資訊，組成原始資料表、(2) 計算所需資訊，由原始資料表計算帶有屬性之MGNM節點與邊圖元，過程包含坐標轉換、組成水平動線、垂直動線與緊急動線、(3) 建構MGNM，以圖徵類別(feature class)記錄於地理資料庫。最後，Entrnce2Street策略連結室內MGNM與現行GIS道路網。 實驗結果顯示，使用BIM可自動化建立室內路網模型，並可輔助室內外路網之連結。MGNM應用於緊急應變案例與行人路徑規劃，除連結室內外圖徵以發揮多目標用途，亦使室內路網成為室外路網一部分。相較於過去所提出的幾何路網模型，室內路徑長度之平面精度提升5.1%；垂直精度提升65.5%，可提升路徑規劃之可靠度。而在室內外整合路徑規劃中使用coarse-to-fine模式，則較室內外單一尺度路徑規劃方法節省75%的計算時間。

The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrates multi-scale and multi-source data for spatial analysis. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) describes the detailed information of building object in a digital form. The emergency response and pedestrian route planning are highly relies on the indoor and outdoor geospatial data. However, the indoor geospatial data collection is time-consuming. Several studies used Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) model to generate indoor network model. These models are subject to the input data types (e.g. 2D plans or 3D geometric models) and the attributes of interior building objects are incomplete. Hence, the integration of BIM and GIS is beneficial to indoor and outdoor integration and applications. This thesis proposed a Multi-purpose Geometric Network Model (MGNM) based on the indoor network model. This study also explored the strategy of indoor and outdoor network connection. To achieve the goals, the IFC2MGNM conversion with Entrnce2Street strategy for indoor-outdoor combined route planning has proposed. The IFC2MGNM conversion includes: (1) extraction of the building information from open BIM format – Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), (2) calculation of the required information from these information, and (3) output the MGNM to GIS feature class. In addition, the Entrnce2Street strategy links indoor networks, entrances and outdoor road networks for detailed route planning. The experimental results indicated that the indoor network model could be generate automatically from BIM. Moreover, the connection between indoor and outdoor network could be integrate automatically. In the case study, the MGNM applied to connect indoor and outdoor features for the multi-purposes application. To compare the MGNM and conventional GNM, the improvements of relative errors were 5.1% and 65.5% in horizontal and vertical routes, respectively. It can used to improve the reliability of the route planning. For indoor and outdoor combined route planning, the computational time of proposed coarse-to-fine approach was 25% of traditional single scale in route planning.