空運貨物運輸從業人員採用RFID技術意願之研究_以台灣桃園國際機場為例

Abstract

無線射頻辨識 (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)被視為是一種在未來可以取代條碼(Bar code)技術的有效工具，它是一種輕薄、小型如條碼，加上無線通訊傳輸與加密等技術，具有非接觸、不限定讀取方向、自動讀取範圍內多個RFID電子標籤(Tag)、耐污損、可重複讀寫、資料容量大等特性的資料蒐集識別技術，未來將成為在物流界對於眾多貨物的控管、追蹤與資訊蒐集的最佳工具。 本研究以Rogers的「創新擴散理論」為研究架構，特別針對台灣桃園國際機場內的「航空貨物運輸處理」相關單位從業人員，對於RFID的特性認知、新事物導入貨物處理及管理的評估與接受度意願進行深入的統計分析研究，以提供相關數據資料予未來相關單位或組織推行RFID應用之決策參考。 結果顯示，對於將RFID導入機場空運貨物運送相關單位的意願度「有意願」者達83.6%，顯示對於這項新技術的接受度頗高；而對RFID的特性認知，認為最重要的前三項依順序為「讀取正確性」、「讀取速度」及「抗污損性」；對於採用RFID的主要評估條件之重要性順序為「RFID可簡化作業流程，縮短作業時間」、「RFID可增加貨物處理之資訊正確率」、「RFID可減少貨物異常發生率(如遺失)」、「RFID可減少作業人力(成本)」、「RFID可加強飛安工作」。由以上結果可知，受訪者越來越重視RFID對於貨物運送作業上效益的提升，而不再侷限於以往對於「成本」的考量，這對於未來推廣RFID於空運貨物運輸上的應用是有正面的效應。

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a new technological advance using miniature electronic chips to replace the traditional barcode systems currently used. They are widely regarded as increasing efficiency with the ability to support digital transmittance, radio communication, and security encryption. The RFID is attached to the passenger bag or cargo and identified via wireless radio. Its many advantages including independent automation, non-directional scanning, wireless identification, anti-staining, rewrite capability, and huge storage capacity make RFID the ideal tool for cargo control, tracking, and information gathering. This study is based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory and focuses on the air cargo handling industry at Taiwan Tao-Yuan International Airport. The study looks at the acceptance rate of RFID, its characteristics, and its subsequent appraisal by cargo handling and management. The included results provide data and information for related units and organizations in promoting RFID application. Analysis results show that 83.6% support introducing RFID technology, indicating a high acceptance rate. The top three valued characteristics of RFID were “scanning accuracy,” “scanning speed,” and “anti-staining.” The top 5 appraisal benefits of introducing RFID were “process simplification,” “increase in information accuracy of cargo handling,” “reducing cases of irregularity,” “reducing operation cost,” and “ensuring flight safety.” As the results above show, the focus is more on the efficiency of RFID in cargo operation as opposed to just cost reduction. The subsequent positive effects will prove promising for RFID promotion in the future.