以遊戲為主的科學過程技能歷程評量之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討以遊戲為主的歷程評量在科學過程技能上評量效果。傳統的「紙筆測驗成就評量」對於「技能」的評量是有困難的，而「實作評量」有費時且評量標準不一的問題，以自然與生活科技學習領域為例，「科學過程技能」的評量需要透過操作科學儀器來進行，然而這樣的評量方式會花教師非常多的時間，而且不同的教師在評量上的標準也難以相同。遊戲媒體應用在實作評量已有一定的成果，例如虛擬實驗室或物理模擬機，然而這些遊戲式的評量大多探討較低階的統計，對於較高層的過程技能是否能有效地進行評量是一個待解決的議題。為解決此問題，本研究提出了遊戲式歷程評量架構（Game-based Portfolio Assessment Scheme, GPAS），因為操作實驗的過程本身就是一個具階段性的解決問題歷程，因此本研究導入改良式的多階段圖表模型(Modified Multi-stag e Graph, 簡稱MMG) 並事先定義出操作歷程行為模式，以達到評量科學過程技能的目標。本實驗將遊戲式歷程評量架構導入自然與生活科技領域中的「比熱」實驗，先以專家訪談方式邀請五位教師比較遊戲式歷程評量與教育部六大學習網數位遊戲評量之間的差異；再實際導入了國中二年級30位學生來進行遊戲式歷程評量活動，從研究結果得知受測學生在遊戲評量的操作歷程中，有三種不同的操作模式表現比較明顯；最後，由問卷結果發現，學生認為在操作遊戲式歷程評量的過程中可應用到課程所學的科學過程技能來解決問題。

This research analyzed the effectiveness of the game-based portfolio assessment for scientific procedure knowledge assessment. In traditional, paper-and-pencil test is hard to assess the capability of procedure skill, and the Performance Assessment is costly and without fair criterion. In the science domain, the game media were applied in Performance Assessment, for example, virtual lab or physical simulator. But most of game-based platforms discuss the low-level performance evaluation rather than the high-level procedure skill. Thus, to solve the problem, the Game-based Portfolio Assessment Scheme was proposed for problem-solving procedure assessment based on the predefined experimental procedure phases. The game-based portfolio assessment is based on the Modified Multi-stage Graph to model the interactive problem-solving behaviors. In the experiment design, the topic “specific heat” of the science domain has been implemented in the game scenario. In the prior experiment, five teachers were involved to compare the difference between the game-based portfolio assessment and the story-oriented assessment. Next, an experiment was conducted with 30 junior high students for the game-based portfolio assessment. The result of the experiment showed that there are three distinct types of operational procedure. Finally, from the feedback of students showed that the game-based portfolio assessment is useful for them to understand the procedure knowledge for problem solving.