都市地區地震災害避難據點與避難路徑擇定之研究

Abstract

都市地區是人口聚集，產經活動的主要場所。民眾之財產與生活所需設施多集中於此，一旦發生重大災害，將造成生命財產嚴重的損失。而災害的發生與所帶來的影響，在目前的科學中仍無法精確的預測。在這樣的時空環境之下，平時對於未來災害的準備與預防，便成為防災計畫的重要工作。台灣受歐亞大陸板塊與菲律賓海板塊之擠壓影響，地震災害頻繁。地震災害的發生是屬於不確定性，發生之時間與地點是完全無法掌握的，所以地震災害發生時，為防止二次災害的發生所導致人員生命財產受到威脅，居民的疏散避難是一項很重要的任務。因此，本研究透過文獻回顧、專家訪談及實地調查之方式建構避難據點與避難路徑之評估項目與評估準則，作為都市地震災害避難據點與避難路徑擇定評估模式之基礎，藉由專家問卷及分析階層程序法求取評估因子間相對權重與重要性，並建立一套評估準則細項之評等標準。本研究選定板橋市仁愛里作為實證地區，並利用GIS進行空間區位展示與分析。最後針實證地區現有避難據點與避難路徑進行評估，根據實際得分狀況規劃出最適合仁愛里之避難據點與避難路徑。

Urban areas are concentrated of dense population and economic activities. People's property and living facilities are in the urban. Any disaster will cause tremendous loss of lives and property. Presently, we still can't predict the hazard and its effect exactly by scientific technology. Under such circumstances, disaster prevention planning is important to prepare in order to reduce the disaster. Taiwan is influence to extruding between the Eurasia plate and the Filipino plate. Therefore, the earthquake disaster frequently takes place. The time and place taking place in earthquake disaster can't totally be predicted. Cause personal's lives and properties to be threatened in order to prevent calamity second disaster two times one from occurring, it is a very important task to take refuge in the evacuating of residents. This research passes document retrospect, the expert visits the way to refer to field investigation and builds Appraisal project and Appraisal criterion of constructing Temporary Shelters and Evacuation Routes, take refuge in the stronghold and take refuge in the route to select the foundation of assessing the way definitely as the city earthquake disaster, and analyse with expert's questionnaire stratum's procedure law asks for and assesses the relative weight and importance among factor evaluated factors, set up one set and assess detailed standard of commenting etc. of one of criterion. This research selects Ren-Ai Village as the real example area, utilize GIS to show and analyse the space position. Assess according to the real example district existing Temporary Shelters and Evacuation Routes, plan to be most suitable for Temporary Shelters and Evacuation Routes of Ren-Ai Village according to the state of scoring actually.