臺灣辦桌之餐具設計

Abstract

台灣早期最常見的宴席形式，絕非「辦桌」莫屬。凡舉各種的人生儀式(婚禮、喪禮、壽誕、滿月)以及特殊事件場合(新居落成、地方祭典、選舉…)等都要辦桌，令「辦桌」文化在台灣一直很風行。大鍋擺路邊、馬路邊辦理酒席是傳統「辦桌」給人最普遍的印象，不同於西方，這是台灣人戶外舉辦party的一種方式。

本研究透過閱讀相關文獻、直接觀察以及專家訪談的方式，一方面了解辦桌的形式與來由，另一方面得知大眾對於辦桌的觀感與參與經驗；再以KJ法將蒐集到的資訊，製作成卡片後，分出群組與上下層級關係，找出傳統辦桌的特色與問題點，進而從這些大方向發展設計: 1. 針對免洗餐具給予人的觀感以及使用上的缺失，進行探討與改善。2. 如何讓個人獨自操作且容易完成打包動作。3. 如何透過設計達到桌面空間妥善使用，而不會有菜餚放不下的狀況。4. 運用產品讓人與人之間的互動增加，達到用餐氣氛熱絡而不尷尬的效果。

最後的設計根據材質與使用範圍分為: 1.個人餐具；2.公共餐具兩大類。個人餐具部分以一次性餐具為主，以組合作為整體概念，增加餐具彼此之間的連結性。公共餐具部分，以盤中盤為主要設計理念，元件的可互換性讓餐具的變化性更大，亦同時解決打包的問題。研究結果最後共製作六件作品於新竹美學館展出，並設有留言區與觀者進行意見交流，以便了解大眾對於作品的看法為何。

Banzhuo is the most common feast form in early Taiwan. Varieties of life ceremony (such as wedding, funeral, birthday and full month…..), and special things (such as House Warming Parties, local festivals and elections ...) would have to hold banzhuo, so banzhuo culture has been very popular in Taiwan. Big pot beside the street and having a feast outside are the common impressions that this culture is. Differ from the west, this is Taiwan’s outdoor party. In this study, we read the literature to understand history of banzhuo and though direct observation and expert interviews to collect the public opinions of participation experience. Then, the affinity diagram was used to classify the data from direct observation and expert interviews, and to find out the upper and lower level of problems. Through this analysis, four design directions: 1.Changing the bad impress of the disposable tableware and good to use. ； 2. Complete the packing actions by one person easily. ；3. Using the space of desk effectively.； 4.Improving the human interaction. The final design based on materials and usage scope is divided into: 1. Personal tableware；2. Public tableware two categories. Combination is the main concept of personal tableware, each items can be connected together. And concentric circle is the central concept of public tableware, the design making tableware more flexible and solving the packing problem at same time. The final six works were produced in National Hsinchu Living Art Center and has a visitor’s book to understand public view for the works.