哥倆好，一對寶？客家地區之社區營造困境分析－ 以新竹縣關西鎮金錦社區為例

Abstract

本研究首先以推動公民社會，講求居民自主的社造運動宗旨下，探討金錦社區發展是否隨著政治的民主化，居民能由下而上的參與公共事務。分析關西鎮金錦社區營造的模式，找出社區營造的衝突、紛爭、不同意見等困境。並探討當村里長與社區發展協會理事長為不同人時，就此現象在金錦社區發展社區事務時是否會產生彼此合作或衝突對立呢？ 接著以傳統的宗教力量來呈現社區居民是可以被整合，居民意識是可以凝聚的，試圖以無形的宗教力量來對照有形的社區問題，透過祭祀活動，配合地方「領調」、「奉飯」和義民節活動，藉由義民祭典形成區域動員，在地方社會傳播信仰，也開展個人、社會關係網絡，點出走過傳統（宗教），可以超越現代（社區），說出當代（社區）與傳統（宗教）給人民的感受和依賴程度之差別，找出不必社區居民掏腰包辦活動的社區事務，為何無法像義民廟這重需要社區居民出錢出力的事務來得受居民重視或樂於參與的原因。 最後分析出其原因應該是在宗教信仰是社區居民的精神寄託，攸關家戶平安的關鍵，是為社區居民所重視的，而社區營造並不影響居民的生活起居，社區不被營造日子一樣可過，所以社造困境在無法激勵人民的參與，而傳統的宗教力量是可以做到，尤其在金錦地區更可看出強化的宗教活動弱化了無力的社區營造。 本文之目的，也希望宗教能發揮其強大的社會力量，安定社會，淨化人心；宗教組織一向被賦予社會教化和培養良好公民習性，促使信徒利他關懷和公共事務的主動參與，並且也是信徒在公民社會中價值觀與倫理道德的養成場所，金錦義民廟要能發揮其領導地位，促使社區營造邁向更成熟、健全的地步。

The focus of this essay is trying to examine a civilizational process of Taiwan’s Shequ Yinzhou（community making）policy that had been promoted for decades in local area .Take Jinjin Shequ for instance ,whether there is a political effect or democratic change there？Do the residents of Jinjin Shequ step their feet on all sort of public issues or affairs of this community from the bottom up? Consequently, the analysis of what a certain community making mode of this community must be done, which includes conflictions、arguments and dilemmas that exists in Jinjin Shequ . Also as the shifts and substitutions of the local leadership continues , does it make any differences on the cooperation thing or the confrontal situation? The whole community can be integrated by the force of the Yiminzi（A traditional worship,to pay religious homage to the God of Yiminyeh）,that way Jinjin Shequ would become one, a united one. To contrast invisible religious power with corporeal problems of this community, through the worship ceremony of Yiminzi that held annually by the residents, the process of Lingdiau（membership fees of the Yiminzi）and Fongfan（items or meals offered at the altar to the God of Yiminyeh）had simultaneously made mass congregation, conserved and spread the Yinmin belief to the local folks , also helped to set up the social network for each and every members of the Yiminzi. Actually, the force of the traditional religion is more powerful than modern community system. People in Jinjin Shequ count on the Yinminyeh in daily life, they’d pay lots of attention and money to join the Yinminzi rather than the activities of the community that just for free. Yinminyeh is a spiritual support to the most residents of Jinjin Shequ which with reference to the happiness and health of the whole family ,these are precious to people ,so that they can do and live without the community making stuff , Religious gatherings had encouraged people’s participation and consequently diminished their own will to go for the any other type of the community activity. In this Yiminzi case of Jinjin Shequ, religious faith definitely has its great power to purify the whole society, whether to justify any wrongdoing or clarify people in a state of confusion. Religious organization of Yiminzi or any other righteous one, educates their followers with humanity and altruistic behaviors , taking care of others and the public affairs automatically .The Yimin Temple in Jinjin Shequ is a place that cultivates its people with values ,ethics and morals in this civilized society ,it’s also in the leading position of Jinjin Shequ ,would have made community making here more sound and mature in the long run.