石化業放流水毒性鑑定及毒性減量研究

Abstract

隨著人類的化工技術進步，各種前所未見的化學物質被合成、使用和施放到環境中，使得水體環境的保護工作面臨較過去更為嚴峻的挑戰，過去放流水管制標準以列管毒性物質的方式管制之，往往忽略掉新興未知毒性物質和毒性物質彼此混合後的效應，為了能夠達到水體水質保護的目標，生物毒性的管制方法於是發展出來，且在1995年美國環保署頒布全放流水毒性管制（Whole Effluent Toxicity, WET）的方法，正式將生物毒性的觀念應用在水體環境保護上，如今成為世界水環境保護的朝流和未來的趨勢。 我國的放流水標準於民國九十九年十二月十五日公告生物急毒性標準(TUa <1.43)自一○一年一月一日起施行，目前受到管制的業別有光電材料及元件製造業、石油化學專業區以外之工業區內之科學工業園區污水下水道系統，預計未來很可能會將石化業納入管制範圍。 本次研究對象為台灣西南部某大型石化工業園區的放流水，以Microtox進行毒性試驗，並且針對其中有毒性的放流水作進一步的毒性鑑定（Toxicity Identification Evaluation, TIE）的相關研究討論，毒性鑑定乃是實施全放流水毒性管制的先行條件，故本研究為石化業放流水生物毒性的先驅研究。 本次研究時間持續約半年，一共採樣八次，該園區共有9座廢水廠，整體而言並不具有Microtox急毒性反應，僅G08場廢水因為水中的高濃度鹽分而有些微的毒性，然而由於Microtox毒性試驗方法所使用的費氏弧菌（Vibrio fisheri）為海生菌種，對於鹽分的抵抗力較強，使用法定毒性試驗生物時有低估毒性的可能，故後續其他物種的研究仍是相當重要的課題。

As the technique progress of chemical synthesis, all kinds of compounds bas never seen before were created, used, and released to environment. Traditionally, the limitation of industrial effluent is chemical-specific control. It may overpass the new developed toxicants and the combined effect of toxicants. Since the whole effluent toxicity (WET) method promulgated by USEPA (October 26, 1995) the concern of biotoxicity used in aquatic environment protection and become the world tendency. In December 2010, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration announced the acute toxicity (TUa < 1.43) of photoelectric effluent and will implement in January, 2012. The petro-chemical industries are estimated to be control under the acute toxicity criteria in the near future. This study is a case study of a large Petrifaction Industry park located in the south-western estuary of Taiwan. During the reserch, we follow the guidance of Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) developed by USEPA, investigate the discharges and evaluated the main toxicants of this industry. There are 9 wastewater treatment plants in the park. The effluents of these treatment plants are non toxic or slight toxic in Microtox toxicity besides the G08 plant. the G08 wastewater treatment plant are slight toxic because the high concentration of salt, however, the Microtox test using the marine bacterium, Vibrio fisheri, could have more resistance to salts. This testing may under estimate the toxic level by using the Microtox, therefore, using the other organism as the biomonitering of the effluent is another important issue.