地震災後建築廢棄物清運系統

Abstract

天然地震災害對於處於地震帶的國家，帶來嚴重的潛在經濟損失以及人員傷亡危機，而地震過後的建築廢棄物不僅有損災區周圍生態環境也威脅著災民的健康安全問題。因此本研究旨在建構一個災後建築廢棄物清運、再利用的逆供應鏈模式，能夠協調各個災後建築廢棄物的分類及再處理廠商間的處理量，達到最佳的指派運輸模式。本模式以最小總成本及災民心理負荷量、最大災民滿意度等三項準則做為模式目標式，探討各個目標式間的消長關係，以協助政府依不同的救災重建計畫需求制訂最佳的建築廢棄物清運指派。為了測試模式的改善績效及不同目標間的消長關係，本研究採用情境分析來評估各廠商間的協調能力以及各目標式間的關係。

研究結果顯示透過本模式協調供應鏈間的廠商，確實可以降低災後建築廢棄物的清運成本，並透過不同的權重組合得以改善各災區災民的滿意度以及降低心理負荷量，並由各種不同的情境下，確立了供給導向與需求導向目標式間的負向關係。另外，結果也呈現出在災後廢棄物顯著超出預測量時，政府極可能面臨的災民反彈問題。本文之研究結果顯示，透過該災後建築廢棄物清運系統，供應鏈可有效地協調各個廠商間的運輸、處理量，以及提供決策者不同的決策制定下的最佳廢棄物清運指派規劃。

The earthquake disaster causes potential serious economic and human damages for those countries located at the fault zone and the post-disaster construction waste not only has damaged the eco-environment but has brought threat to the victims’ healthy and safety problem. Therefore, this study aims to build up a post-disaster construction waste clean-up and reusing system which is able to coordinate every member belongs to this reverse logistics supply chain. The proposed model have three different objective, minimization of total operating cost, minimization of victims’ mental load and maximization of victims’ satisfaction, and then, discussing the trade-off between those objective functions help government to make the optimal distribution assignment under different political concerning. To test the improving performance of proposed model and the trade-off between objective functions, this study uses diverse scenarios to evaluate the performance of our post-disaster construction waste clean-up system. The results of the numerical experiment show that the operating cost surely cam be improved by coordinating the members of waste clean-up supply chain, and improving victims’ mental load and satisfaction by corresponding objective weight setting. Beside, the study also implies that the potential risk of victims’ protest is exist if the clean-up progressing behind the planned schedule.