智慧電網產業結合雲端運算科技之營運策略族群分析

Abstract

本研究藉由分析財務比率資料及解構杜邦恆等式探討智慧電網產業結合雲端運算科技之策略族群及其競爭優勢，藉由建構企業資源構型來觀察競爭優勢的軌跡，企業可針對其競爭優勢予以強化或針對競爭劣勢加以改進，進而創造出更好的營運績效。

本研究實證結果發現結合雲端運算科技的智慧電網產業主要資源構型為知識管理、供應商關係管理、資產管理及客戶關係管理等四個主要管理能力；而這些能力將該產業中的企業分成三大族群：知識領導型、資產管理型及關係優勢型。以供應商關係管理及客戶關係管理為競爭優勢的關係優勢型企業及以資產管理為優勢的資產管理型企業創造出較亮眼的財務績效，而擁有優異的知識管理能力的知識領導型企業於財務績效表現較弱，但於市場價值上表現較佳，這意味著在跨多產業的集群中，能夠整合上下游供應鏈及妥善管理資產的企業才能夠創造出較優的財務績效。雖然智慧電網及雲端運算科技皆屬高科技領域，知識管理能力固然重要，然該產業的生命週期較短，產業界線的模糊，過去只專注知識研發的公司若欲在財務績效上有所成長將面臨更多挑戰。

This study mainly discusses and examines the strategic groups and competitive advantages of the smart grid industry combined with the cloud computing technology. We try to construct the different competitive advantages among the competing groups in this boundary basically with the financial ratios and the decomposition of the Du Pont Formula. It is our key objectives that each entrepreneur type may enlarge its competitive advantages or may improve its disadvantages and then it yields a better and sparkling operating performance from those resource configurations observed from different groups of enterprises.

In this study, we demonstrate and figure out that the main resource configuration in the smart grid industry combined with the cloud computing technology consists of the following capabilities: knowledge management, supplier relationship management, assets management and client relationship management, and these capabilities above separate the companies into three groups inclusive of knowledge-leading group, asset-managing group and relation-prevailing group. We conclude that the relation-prevailing group and asset-management group reveal better financial performances but the knowledge-leading group does not perform well in finance but reveal best in market-based value, which means only the entrepreneur integrating the upward and downward supply chains and the good management of assets will it create excellent financial performances. In the field of the high-tech, knowledge management ability is important. However, life cycle in technology is short and with the ambiguity of the boundaries in industries, if the company focuses merely on R&D will end up encountering more challenges improving financial performance.