線上遊戲團隊的共享心智模式與團體玩家心流

Abstract

心流是當單一個體投入活動時，挑戰與技能達到平衡，高度投入、沉浸情境中的最佳經驗。但是當一個團隊投入活動時，團隊的技能不等於每位成員的個人技能純量相加，因此僅以技能與挑戰兩種變量難以衡量團體心流狀態。本研究引入線上遊戲團隊的共享心智模式觀點，利用任務、隊友、團隊相關知識結構與信念結構的一致性與分布性等特性，探討這些特性對團隊活動中的玩家個人心流狀態的影響。 本研究以魔獸世界的副本活動作為研究平台，並以本研究設計的UI系統來收集相關資料。透過資料分析，本研究發現：在線上遊戲團隊的共享心智模式中，團體相關知識與信念的一致性，以及任務相關與隊友相關知識與信念的分布性對玩家的心流狀態有顯著影響。在組成方式不同的團隊中，共享心智模式對心流狀態的影響程度亦不相同。若是成員之前的熟悉度愈高，共享心智模式愈成熟，對心流狀態的影響力也愈大。大型多人線上遊戲玩家傾向於組成公會團或固定團，建立起完整的共享心智模式，是玩家在遊戲中自行提升樂趣的方式之一。

Flow is the state that when an individual is in an activity, the challenge and his skill are balanced, and therefore the best experience of high engagement and immergence. But if it is a team who engage in an activity together, the team’s skill is not equal to the direct sum of all members’ skill. Each group member gets gradually familiar with his own mission, enhances the knowledge of teammates, understands level and goal of the group, and constructs the shared mental model of the team in the progress of the activity. This mental construction influences the effectiveness of the real world group, and is also the source of fun for online game groups. This research introduces the concept of shared mental models in MMOG groups, adopts World of Warcraft as our researching platform, uses questionnaire UI to collect background and combat data, mental model details, flow experience, and flow state of each player in the team. This research claims that: in shared mental model, the consistency of the knowledge about the team, and the distribution of the knowledge about the mission and teammates have significant effect on player’s flow state. In groups composed in different ways, the effectiveness of the shared mental model to the flow state also differs. The more team members are familiar with each other, the more shared mental model grows, and the more the shared mental model can impact the flow state. MMOG players are tending to construct guild teams or arranged teams and build mature shared mental model. It is one of the ways that players get fun on their own.