工業區設置前之化學品風險潛勢評估研究

Abstract

國內近年來發生多起重大事故，其中部分事故與化學品相關，倘若事故波及化學品，將使得事故之救災應變更加複雜及險峻。國內工業區除少數石化工業區外，其餘工業區較少針對可能運作之化學品，進行該工業區開發前之風險潛勢評估；目前國內雖已有相關單位，開始針對現有工業區進行毒性化學物質風險潛勢分析，但規劃中或尚未開發之工業區，則較少進行評估或探討。 本研究試選定台中市梧棲區尚未開發成工業區之區域，規劃成一模擬工業區，依據當地氣候條件資料進行化學品風險潛勢模擬，再套疊GIS地理資訊軟體，計算出可能之影響範圍區域。結果發現毒性氣雲擴散之風險潛勢區域大於火災熱輻射風險潛勢區域；穩定風速之風險潛勢區域大於年平均風速之風險潛勢區域；毒性氣雲擴散及火災熱輻射風險潛勢區域皆受到風向之影響；化學品數量越大，則風險潛勢區域範圍越廣。因此為控制風險潛勢區域，工業區化學品運作量需控制在一定數量以下，或發展替代性之低毒性、低危害之製程或化學品，方能侷限風險潛勢區域，以降低對鄰近區域之影響。

There are a number of serious accidents in Taiwan in recent years, and some of these accidents are related to chemicals, which can make rescue much more complicated and dangerous. Except a few petrochemical industrial zones, majority industrial zones in Taiwan do not carry out risk potential assessment for chemicals they are dealing with prior to their setup. Although some government divisions in Taiwan have started analyzing risk potential of toxic chemicals for presently existing industrial zones, little evaluation or investigation has done for industrial zones that are under the planning or pre-development stage. This study selected an area at Wuchi, Taichung that has not yet been developed into an industrial zone, and then designed this area into a simulating industrial zone. Chemical risk potential simulation was conducted based on local climate data. The acquired information was then submitted into the geographic information software (GIS) to calculate the possible range of area that may be influenced. The result suggested that the risk potential zone of toxic gas diffusion is greater than that of fire and heat radiation. Risk potential zone with a stable wind speed is greater than the one with a wind speed of the yearly average. Toxic gas diffusion and fire and heat radiation risk potential areas are both affected by wind direction. As the quantity of chemicals increases, so is the range of the risk potential zone. Therefore, to control the risk potential zone, one method is to limit the quantity of chemicals used in the industrial zone, while the other method is to develop low-toxicity and low-hazard manufacturing processes or chemical for replacing those toxic ones. These measures can effectively curb the size of risk potential zones, thereby reducing their impacts on the neighboring areas.