營建產業知識地圖與管理—以資訊技術為例

Abstract

營建產業為國家之基礎工業，所生產產品不同於一般製造業，其產品特性具有地域性及單一性，且施工團隊一般多為臨時性組織，造成工程結束其經驗與知識即隨之離去，且內隱知識不易擴散與分享，再者，營建產業資訊透明度程度不足，導致外顯知識不易創新與應用。有鑑於此，勢必需要有效之管理模式來提升產業之競爭優勢，就目前而言「知識管理」係近幾年來被廣泛重視之方法之一(Kamara et al., 2002)，尤其在資訊技術與網際網路蓬勃發展之知識經濟時代下，更顯示出其重要性。故本研究期望透過本研究之分析與探討，建置出符合營建產業之知識管理模式及營建產業資訊技術知識地圖，並依據資訊技術之效益成長性配合技術之應用狀態，提出產業之關鍵資訊技術，作為探討關鍵影響因子之依據。本研究採用實證研究方式，對營建百大企業進行研究，配合集群分析技術將回函企業進行分類，以瞭解不同企業集群之知識分享程度及資訊技術應用狀態，並透過產業資訊技術之知識地圖探索具研發價值之效益缺口，供政府單位參考。研究結果顯示，營建產業之知識分享程度偏低，且經由問卷各方面之分析，皆說明系統性資訊技術為未來之發展重點。在資訊技術知識地圖方面，主要有員工監督、員工訓練、決策制訂、風險分析、財務分析、進度分析及預測能力等七項效益缺口。而在關鍵資訊技術方面，營建產業值得研發或改善之資訊技術有視訊會議、電子通勤、高階主管資訊系統、企業資源規劃及知識管理等五項技術。

Construction industry is the basic industry of a country, and its products are different from other general manufacturing industry has regional and unitary characteristics. Most of the construction teams are temporary. It causes that the personal knowledge and experiences are lost with the end of a construction project. The tacit knowledge is hard to diffused and share. And the explicit knowledge of information technologies in construction industry is not transparent enough to be applied or innovated. Therefore, it’s necessary to build an effective management model to promote the competition advantages of construction industry. Knowledge management has received a great deal of attention in recent years (Kamara et al., 2002). Especially in this emphasizing Knowledge-based Economy times, which technologies and Internet are vigorously becoming mature, it appears that the knowledge management is become very important. This research will build a knowledge management model and knowledge maps of information technologies in the construction industry. According to the growing benefits and application status of the information technology, this research will find out the critical information technologies in the construction industry, and also discuss the main influence factors of these critical information technologies. This research analyzes the real cases of top hundred companies in the construction industry. The critical information technologies will be classified by the information of the replying questionnaire and the cluster analysis method, and recognized their sharing level and applying status. Then this research will find out the benefit gaps, which are worth to improve their innovation by analyzing the knowledge map of information technologies in the construction industry, and provide the government a reference. Finally this research shows that the sharing level of knowledge is lower in the construction industry. And the analysis of the questionnaires shows the systematic information technologies are the point trend in the future. There are seven benefit gaps, Supervision, Training, Decision making, Risk/uncertainty analysis, Financial analysis, Monitor & measure progress, and Forecasting in the information technology map. And from the critical information technologies, there are five technologies, Videoconferencing, Telecommuting, Enterprise Resource Planning, and Knowledge Management worth to innovate and improve in the construction industry.