整合即時交通資訊之行車導航及其在嵌入式平台之實現

Abstract

目前市面上大多數的導航系統已經整合即時交通資訊(Real-time Traffic Information)以及區域性服務(Location Based Service, LBS)並且導航畫面提供模擬2D/3D地圖做路徑導航。由於需要對尋找資訊做頻繁地手動操作以及在行車中對模擬2D/3D地圖與目前真實道路景像去做頻繁的比對，而無法專心於開車進而可能造成危險。另外目前常見的導航系統之規劃以最短路徑為考量的結果，規劃的過程中並沒有考慮到當下真實的交通情況，因此所規劃的最短路徑亦有可能是最壅塞的路段。 本論文分別對於這些問題提出一個整合即時交通資訊與即時影像的主動式導航系統，採用DM3730嵌入式平台建置系統，整合了Google Maps API、GPS、電子羅盤與CCD攝影機，提供擴增實境(Augmented Reality, AR)導航讓駕駛在螢幕中更快速比對路徑並且搭配Google Maps顯示目前位置。此外，系統將主動顯示即時交通資訊以及即時影像使得系統更人性化並且讓駕駛隨時隨地掌握交通狀況。路徑規劃方面，提出全域最短路徑且區域最短時間的方法，同時改良A*路徑規劃演算法，加入即時交通資訊和歷史交通資訊等因素來規劃考量實際路況之最佳路徑，實驗結果顯示本研究所設計之動態路徑比不考慮交通資訊之路徑更能節省駕駛人花費的時間。

Currently, most navigation systems not only integrate real-time traffic information and location-based services, but also provide simulative 2D/3D maps for vehicle navigation. However, drivers may be distracted due to the frequent search for information and identification of digital maps and real scenes, which may lead to a dangerous situation. Moreover, conventional navigation systems plan the shortest path without considering the real traffic status of roads. Drivers may spend more time to arrive their destinations, when the planned routes are actually in the traffic jam. This thesis proposes an active vehicle navigation system integrating real-time traffic information and images to solve the addressed problems. The proposed system is built in the DM3730 embedded platform, equipped with a GPS module, a CCD camera module, and an electronic compass. An augment reality navigation is designed to assist drivers efficiently know the guidance of the navigation path. In addition, the nearby real-time traffic information and images are actively provided according to the current location of the driver, which makes the driver easily know the traffic information anytime and anywhere. For active path planning, not only an enhanced A* shortest path algorithm is provided by integrating the real time and history traffic information, but also the shortest path planning for the global region and the shortest time planning for the local region are automatically served for drivers.