虛擬紅毛城：以保存為導向的數位化與虛擬化流程初探

Abstract

數位科技與人文領域的結合應用與呈現，不但可將歷史考據、文獻調查整合，並將推論結果視覺化紀錄外，更可保留當時所可能運用的材料工法、顏色風格等歷史資訊。本論文以台北縣淡水一級古蹟紅毛城周邊地區等資料做為研究的歷史城市空間，將其所負載之歷史訊息及意義，透過文字與圖面資料的分析與整理，建立歷史空間之數位化檔案。紅毛城虛擬實境空間模擬器，基於1983年的實體復原測繪報告；2005、2006年的歷史建築與城區數位媒材資料調查分析；2005與2007年紅毛城古蹟研究報告，並輔以紅毛城相關研究與文獻資料佐證，透過實地進行數位攝影，考證比對相關時空轉換下的空間脈絡與建築結構，將精準量測的平面圖，經由電腦技術轉換為3D立體模型的方式，達到準確度的要求。歷史建築外貌其量體外觀以材質貼圖呈現，需檢視影像色彩與實景的真實性，經由影像處理與色彩校正機制的實驗與測試，放置於操作虛擬實境空間模擬器的數位化與虛擬化流程，可做為保存古蹟與歷史建築的數位化典藏與保存科學保存管理的可行方法。 數位化保存之精義在於永久保存，在古蹟與歷史建築保存與修復的範疇中，真實性的評估考據是首要的條件。關於真實性複製的議題，色彩校正能呈現數位化原件的色彩，對色彩的認知，被視為感官表達的範圍，本研究透過數位科技用數值化的分析，以真實的複製為需求將其定位。在數位化的操作過程中，結合色彩校正的步驟與影像轉換的基礎概念，確保色彩品質達到一定的準確度，並提出檢測方法不同於現今色彩導表的操作，主要建立在虛擬歷史空間環境下的保存應用方式。 古蹟與歷史建築數位化與虛擬化的操作流程，將保存的概念加入，模擬出3D的立體展示空間、使用3D建模與互動軟體等製作呈現、沉浸式虛擬實境的技術、即時的視覺呈現效果，提升模擬的精緻度、互動性以達到真實性考證的需求。與過去的成果相較之下，加入了互動與多媒體等數位科技的要素，可自由瀏覽建築結構、外觀，更可以利用搖桿拉近視野，仔細觀看各個角落。本論文透過數位化的概念與技術，將古蹟史料整合科技來達到保存與資訊交流之用途，數位化、資料的視覺化以及空間虛擬化與互動的技術，使用虛擬實境空間模擬器(Virtual Reality CAVE)為研究環境，置入文化資產，更真實地保存文化與遺址的原貌技術是本論文的主要貢獻。以使新的文化遺產成果更能夠產生互動及敘述其歷史變遷外，也能將資料數位化加以支援虛擬化空間，達到更完整的歷史資料紀錄。

The combined application and presentation of digital technology and cultural field can not only integrate historical research and literature surveys and visually record the deduced results, but can also reserve the historical information of the materials, methods, colors and styles possibly used back then. This paper selects the surrounding area of Fort San Domingo, a first-grade historical site in Danshui, Taipei County, as the historical city space under study. The digitalized files of historical space are established for the message and meaning carried by this studied area, through the analysis and compilation of textual and graphic data. The Virtual Fort San Domingo: Virtual Reality CAVE, is based on the 1983 entity restoration survey report, the 2005 and 2006 digital media data analyses of historical buildings and centers, and the 2005 and 2007 Fort San Domingo historical site research reports, accompanied by Fort San Domingo related research and literature as supports. Field digital photography verifies and compares spatial context and building structure under relevant space-time transformation. The accurately measured drawing plan can meet the precision requirement by transforming it into 3D model with computer technology. Texture mapping is used to represent the entity appearance of the historical building exteriority. The experiment and testing of image processing and color calibration mechanism are necessary to verify the actuality of the image color and scenery. The digitalized and virtualized processes placed in the operation of virtual reality CAVE can become the feasible method for digitalized reservation and conservation science and management of historical building and site conservation. The essence of digitalized conservation lies in permanent preservation. In the domain of historical building and site preservation and restoration, the research evidence of authenticity evaluation is the primary requisite. As to topics related to duplication authenticity, color calibration can display the color of digitalized originals, in which the color cognition is regarded as the scope of sense expression. This paper uses quantified analysis to position the demand of authentic duplication with digital technology. During the digitalized operational process, combining the fundamental concepts of the steps in color calibration and image transformation ensures the color quality achieve considerable degree of accuracy. The testing method proposed which mainly builds upon the preservation application method in the virtual historical space environment, is different from the existing operation of a color checker. The operational processes of historical site and building digitalization and virtualization take into account the conservation concepts to simulate 3D stereo display space. 3D modeling and interactive software are used to make the presentation. In order to satisfy the requirements of authenticity criticism, the degree of refinement and interactiveness of simulation can be enhanced with immersive virtual reality space technology and real-time visual presentation effects. Compared with previous research achievements, this paper incorporates interactive, multi-media and other digital technological elements, which enables free browsing of building structure and exteriority. Joystick can also be used to zoom in the views for careful observation of every corner. This paper utilizes digitalized concepts and techniques to integrate historical site sources with technology for the purpose of conservation and information exchange. The major contributions of this paper include linking digitalization, data visualization and space virtualization with interactive techniques, using Virtual Reality CAVE as the research environment in which the cultural property is placed, and conserving the original appearance of cultures and historical remains more authentically. Accordingly, new results of cultural heritages can better facilitate interactivity production and description of the historical changes. Also, the data can be digitalized so as to support virtualized space. This greatly increases the comprehensiveness of the historical data records.