海岸水文地貌棲地評估模式之海堤評估研究

Abstract

海岸防護不但要能達到防止災害保護國土之目的，更需要考慮周邊海岸自然環境因素，盡可能降低海岸防護設施所破壞之原有棲地環境。本研究嘗試使用經濟部水利署水利規劃試驗所「海岸生態棲地評估及工程影響減輕對策或替代方案研擬作業手冊」建立之台灣海岸水文地貌棲地評估模式(Coastal Hydrogeomorphic Approach, CHGM)，於台中海岸進行海堤生態性評估。並籌組專家服務團針對海堤復育課題進行評估，且彙整各專家學者對於台中海岸海堤生態改善策略，做為未來提升海堤生態性參考資訊。經模式驗證得知，專家評估與模式預測整體棲地評價經皮爾森相關分析之相關係數(r)為0.95，顯示此模式應用於台中海岸海堤生態環境評估有相當高之解釋能力。並綜合評估觀察4項功能指標發現，台中海岸水域生物棲息空間環境較佳；野生動物棲息空間明顯較不足。因此，未來應在考慮海堤防災功能前提下，適當改善台中海岸野生動物棲息環境，以提升整體棲地環境。

The coastal protection needs to prevent disasters for protecting the homeland. Instead of the destructive impact on the coast, the coastal structure must reduce the damage on the original habitat destruction. This study attempts to make an ecology classification of the seawalls located in Taichung coast in Taiwan by the Hydrogeomorphic Assessment for Coastal (CHGM). CHGM is established by Water Resources Planning Institute, Water Resources Agency, MOEA「The operation brochure for assessment of coastal ecology habitat and engineering impact mitigation countermeasures」. In order to get the information for upgrading the ecology of seawalls, it’s necessary to gather a group of experts specializing in Ecology. Besides, this study collects the recommendation made by the experts to come up with the improvement strategies for the ecological environment of the seawalls located in Taichung coast. By using the correlation analysis between assessment results from the model and the experts questionnaire results, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was 0.95, showing that this assessment model has a high credibility on ecology of the seawalls located in Taichung coast. Also, observing the four function indicators can find that the waters habitat space environment is good, but wildlife habitat space is poor in Taichung coast. So, the seawall construction should not only consider the disaster prevention function but also improve the wildlife habitat space environment to get advancement on overall habitat in Taichung coast.