精實生產, 工作相依,工作特性及社會支持與工作壓力的關係探討

Abstract

企業在經濟環境與科技瞬息萬變，以顧客需求為優先考量的市場型態下，面臨產品生命週期縮短，少量多樣，快速交貨等各種壓力；企業為求永續經營必須擬定合適的因應對策，而精實生產成為大多數製造業者非常重視的一種生產方式。 然而，國內外關於精實生產的研究，以精實生產與績效研究為最多，鮮少有精實生產與工作壓力關聯的研究。本研究認為企業在追求績效時，也應當考量所實施的生產系統對員工身心的影響，畢竟有身心健康的員工才更能追求好的績效。 因此，本研究希望透過工作相依、工作自主性、工作複雜性、工作回饋性、組織支持及同事支持等觀點來探討精實生產與工作壓力的關係，並期盼研究結果能做為企業在實施生產及管理制度時的參考。 本研究以台灣製造業的員工做為研究對象，採用問卷調查方式蒐集資料，共發出215份問卷，收回173份，回收率約80.5%；扣除13份無效問卷後，得160份有效問卷。以階層迴歸法進行資料分析及檢驗本研究假設，發現1﹒工作相依性對精實生產及工作壓力有顯著正向關係；2﹒組織支持對精實生產有顯著正向關係，與工作壓力有顯著負向關係；3. 精實生產透過與工作相依的正向關係與工作壓力形成正向關係；4. 精實生產透過與組織支持的正向關係與工作壓力形成負向關係。

Due to rapidly changing economic environment and technology, customer demand for the priority of market patterns, enterprises facing shorter product life cycle, fast delivery and other kinds of pressure. In order to survival permanently, enterprise must develop appropriate coping strategies, lean production has become the most popular production mode.

In the literature, most of the studies about lean production focused their attentions on the relationship between lean production and organizational performance; only a few of them examined the effects of lean production on work stress. We recognized that in pursuit of better performance, enterprises should also consider employees' physical and mental health while implementation of lean production.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of lean production on work stress through task interdependence, job autonomy, job variety, job feedback, and organizational and colleague’s support. We hope that this study can provide useful knowledge for companies to assist their implementation and management of lean production system.

The subjects of this study were sampled from manufacturing companies and the data were collected by questionnaire survey. Two hundred and fifteen questionnaires were distributed and one hundred seventy three of them were returned, with a return rate of 80.5%. The final samples include one hundred and sixty subjects after excluding thirteen incomplete questionnaires. We used hierarchical regression to test our hypotheses and the results showed that：1. Task interdependence had significant positive relationships with both lean production and work stress; 2. Organizational support had significant positive relationship with lean production, but a negative relationship with work stress; 3. Lean production was positively related to work stress through its positive association with task interdependence; and 4. Lean production was negatively related to work stress through its positive association with organizational support.