直昇機活線礙子清洗作業風險分析研究-以某航空公司為例

Abstract

直昇機活線礙子清洗(掃)作業，屬於直昇機特種作業，是一種很特殊的飛航作業，目的是為了確保電力公司輸供電系統的品質，減少電力能源浪費，避免供電跳脫，影響工商業發展及家庭生活品質，同時亦間接減少CO2 排放，其先進作業與技術發展，大大提高電塔礙子清洗的效率，替代傳統人工礙子清洗作業的種種限制及不方便，對供電系統電力能源確保及供電穩定性有極大貢獻。

直昇機活線礙子清洗作業是一種極專業且危險性極高的工作，作業場所隨時改變，地勤作業組員及裝備須隨著空中作業而不斷移動，因此安全上要注意的因素很多。該作業雖有先進設備及嚴格專業訓練，但作業過程每一步驟幾乎完全由人員操控，其作業過程有如空中特技一般，空中作業與地勤作業必須有絶佳默契，否則任何一環節出錯將鑄成重大災難。

本研究，以直昇機活線礙子清洗作業系統為對象，以企業風險管理角度，透過現場實際工作安全分析，工作安全觀察，實際了解其作工作業流程，並將之視為一個系統，於規劃及設計之初，應用初步危害分析及腦力激盪方式，做初期危害鑑別、風險評估，另以FMEA做系統危害定量分析，並加入控制危害措施，結果有效降低危害至可容忍、可接受程度，並與歷年事故分析相吻合。

本研究最後希望整合陸、空作業各種資源，將其導入台灣職業安全衛生管理系統(TOSHMS)、變更管理、持續改善精神，使作業逹到零災害目標，並希望制定一套以本質安全為目標的作業系統模式。

Helicopter live line insulator cleaning is a kind of special flying operation. It can ensure the quality of the electricity transportation system of the electricity company. By using it will not waste electricity and can avoid power supply suspending which will lead to influence the development of industry–commerce and house living quality. At the same time, it will reduce the emission of CO2. With the progressive operation and advanced technical development, it can increase the effectiveness of insulator washing and replace the inconvenience of manual cleaning operation. This kind of flying operation makes a huge sacrifice to maintain the stability of electricity transportation. The working partners and equipments move continuously owing to the aerial working process. Therefore, workers should pay more attention to the safety due to the change of working spots. This operation is handled totally by workers and just like an airborne stunt. There must be a good cooperation relationship between team workers not only in the air but also at ground to avoid serious disasters. This thesis is to investigate the working process of the helicopter live line insulator cleaning. We understand the working process and confirm it as a system by focusing on the hazards of enterprise management and making use of the analysis and observation of practical working safety and various kind of risk assessments. From the beginning of plan and design, we use preliminary hazard analysis and what-if brainstorming to identify the initial hazards and risk assessments. We also use FMEA to analyze the system hazards digitally and the methods of hazards controlling to reduce the hazards to endurable and acceptable condition. In this way, this will match the analysis of events happened annually. In the end, we hope to combine the operation resource from the air and ground and use the system of TOSHMS to attain the goal of “0” item risk and establish one set of essential safety operation system .