海運承攬業者評選模式之建立-以某電子集團為例

Abstract

運輸是21世紀的經濟血脈，經由運輸將貨物運送至全球各地，進而促進經貿繁榮。企業為了降低成本，增加競爭優勢，將物流功能委外給適當的第三方物流業者而本身則專注於核心業務；企業亦經由外包而提升企業物流經營績效。海運承攬是物流委外的功能之一，而以往在評估外包商時不外乎以「成本」、「品質」、「彈性」、「服務」等作為評等。然而環境的快速變化造成地球暖化、天災不斷，供應鏈隨時面對斷鏈的危機，另國際協定如「京都議定書」規範各國政府碳排放量、頒布碳稅相關法令等；綠色消費概念的興起與「碳足跡」之認證等。面對時局的變動，如何評選一個具有競爭力且符合經濟、環保的海運承攬業者，為此研究最主要的目的。參考過去相關研究，建立層級架構雛形後，透過以個案電子集團公司為例之高階主管訪談後，歸納出適用於評選海運承攬業者的五個主要構面--「公司經營」、「服務績效」、「夥伴關係」、「綠色管理」、「風險管理」，17項評估指標，建立此評估模式。再經由集團10位實際參與決定廠商的人員填寫問卷，依層級分析法得到最重要的指標為「運送」，其次為「貨主與業者關係」、「品質」、「成本」、「天災應變能力」。增加新的元素「綠色管理」、「風險管理」，但廠商的「服務績效」表現仍是本個案公司最重視的部分。

Transportation is the essence of economy in the 21st century. Logistics function outsource also is a trend that companies focus on core businesses by reducing cost and increase competiveness. In the past, key indicators in the selection of a suitable outsource vendor/supplier were cost, quality and flexibility. However, natural environmental changes posing serious challenges to supply chain. This involves pressure from international agreements such as Kyoto Protocol to limit the carbon emissions, the enactment of the relevant laws of Emissions Trading System (ETS), and green consumption "carbon footprint" certification. How to select a competitive LSP to adopt economic and environmental regulations is the main purpose of this study. References past research and case study through expert interviews with one Electronics Group to evaluate five goal-portions, including Company Characteristics, Service Performance, Partnership Relations, Green Management and Risk Management, within 17 indicators to constructs a vendor selection model. Ten authority members fill out the questionnaire then come out weight of each indictor by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Conclusion is however Green and Risk Management indicators involved, service performance still is the best important goal to select an Ocean Freight Forwarder .