頭份街庄客家家庭閩南媳婦的結群與日常

Abstract

本研究以苗栗縣頭份鎮的閩南女性為主要對象，藉由她們主體性的描述，以探討她們在客家家庭的日常生活、閩客通婚下的族群感受與差異，以及在客家街庄中參與結群聚會的歷程。本研究的報導人，在婚前各自與客家族群有不同程度的交集；在婚後則是藉由結群聚會，以作為適應客家傳統文化，並在異地重建社交網絡的手段。透過女性的結群，我們可以發現當代女性如何在閩南與客家、傳統與現代生活、及家庭與自我情感之間，取得平衡點的動態歷程。 本研究採取民族誌的研究方式，以頭份地區，及報導人的家戶及日常生活場域為田野地點，進行參與觀察與訪談。第一章先描述頭份地區的自然與人文環境，藉以了解當地居民的主要生活風貌。第二章記錄了閩南女性的日常生活，包含她們的時間安排、家庭勞務，以及親屬互動等等。第三章則是描述她們在婚姻生活中所感受到的族群差異，包含族群性格、性別、飲食習慣、語言，及祭拜活動等方面。第四章探討女性結群的歷程，以及她們如何透過閒聊、聚會，及標會等活動，建立私密的情感與空間。最後，在結論章則是進一步探討結群的性質及限制。並且藉由報導人的經驗，與「賦權」理論對話，以檢視當代女性的需求。

Using Hokkien women in Toufen Hakka Township, Miaoli County, as subjects, this study explores their daily family lives, their sense of ethnic identity and differences from another ethnic group due to their exogamy with the Hakkas, and their journeys of taking part in Hakka social gatherings. The subjects of the study had different levels of encounters with Hakka people when they were still single. After they were married to Hakka men, they gather together to adjust to the traditional Hakka culture and use their gatherings as a means to rebuild social networks. Through such a female bonding, it reveals how contemporary women find a balance between Hokkien and Hakka cultures, traditions and modern life, families and self-expressions.

With ethnography as a research method, this research employs the subjects’ homes and their daily living areas to undertake participant observation and interviewing. The first chapter describes the natural and humanitarian environments in Toufen in order to understand the life of local residents. The second chapter records the daily lives of Hokkien women, including the arrangements of their daily activities, their housework, and interactions with their folks. The third chapter focuses on the ethnic differences they feel in their marriages, for example, ethnic characteristics, gender, dietary habits, language, sacrifice offerings and so forth. The fourth chapter discusses the process of how they bond together and how they establish a close friendship and space through chatting, gatherings, Rotating Savings and Credit Associations. Finally, the concluding chapter further explores the nature and limits of female bonding and examines the needs of contemporary women through conversations between the research subjects’ experiences and the theory of “empowerment.”