線上空氣品質監測站選址決策支援系統

Abstract

空氣污染物流佈受到風速、風向等因子影響，需要在適當地點設置監測站，方能確實掌握鄰近地區空氣品質的變化。然而在進行空氣品質監測站選址決策分析時，若採用傳統方式進行，從資料收集與管理、相關資訊分析、模式模擬、結果探討及決策分析等，將耗費大量的時間、人力與物力，且由於相關工作間互動性不佳及資訊未能即時分析，可能導致分析效率及決策品質均不佳。因此，若能有一個整合式的系統，提供友善且便利的環境，相信可顯著改善決策分析的效率。本研究因而發展一線上決策支援系統，以期輔助空氣品質監測站選址決策分析工作。 決策分析過程中往往需要由不同人進行分析，然而過去的決策支援系統大多只能在本機作業，本研究因而以一些網路工具建置一線上系統，令使用者能透過網路，不受時空限制，共同合作進行決策分析。所建置的線上系統包括資料管理、資訊分析、模式模擬、站網選址及其它資訊五大模組。資料管理模組為一資料庫系統，管理空品監測、氣象及排放源等資料，並提供簡易的統計分析圖及線上地理資訊展示工具輔助查詢及分析。資訊分析模組提供一些工具進行排放源資料的前處理，以輔助後續決策工作。模式模擬模組採用ISC3模式為核心，提供決策分析所需要的模擬工具與結果。站網選址模組提供常用的規則供使用者設定及篩選出適當的站址，並比較不同決策方案之差異。其它資訊模組則包括排放標準及模式手冊等資訊供參閱。 本研究以新竹科學園區為案例，示範該系統的整合資料庫系統、線上地理資訊展示工具、模式模擬工具、選址分析方法、使用者介面及線上應用等，並以三污染物進行監測站址決策分析示範，探討該系統輔助分析各方案及篩選的適用性。案例結果發現所發展系統具有資訊整合、資料即時分析、使用操作便利及不受時空限制等優點，相信可改善監測站選址的決策效率及品質。

Distribution of air pollutant emission can be significantly affected by wind speed, wind direction and etc. Monitoring stations placed at appropriate locations are thus necessary to track air pollutant distribution. However, air quality monitoring station siting requires a series of tasks include data collection, information analysis, model simulation, results interpretation and making the siting decision that are mostly time consuming and tedious. Besides, poor integration among related tasks and inadequate analysis of information may lead to a poor decision. An integrated system that can provide friendly environment with proper tools to support the decision making process of this siting problem is thus desirable. This study therefore developed a web-based decision support system to facilitate the analysis for air quality monitoring station siting. A typical decision-making procedure requires several analysts to work together and to interact with the decision maker(s). A conventional single-machine system is not efficient for this kind of cooperative tasks. The system developed in this study by using several network tools can be used under a web-based environment that can be accessed at anytime and anywhere on the Internet for implementation of related decision-making tasks. The system includes five major modules: data management, data analysis, modeling, siting analysis and miscellany. Data management module is a database system that manages monitoring, meteorology and source inventory data with functions provided for drawing statistical figures and querying data from a web-GIS interface. Data analysis module provides tools to analyze source data. Modeling module uses ISC3 as the modeling tool to simulate air pollutant distribution under various scenarios. Siting analysis module applies a rule-based method to facilitate siting analyses and to compare results obtained based on different rules. Miscellaneous module includes emission regulation and model manuals. A case study for Hsinchu Science Park was implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed system. Three pollutants were selected in the case study. Siting results obtained based on different rules were analyzed, discussed and compared. The results show that the system is capable of integrating and managing data efficiently, analyzing data directly with rapid response, and providing a friendly interface that can be accessed from anywhere and anytime on the Internet. The quality of siting decision is expected to be significantly improved with the developed system, although there are functions should be developed or enhanced in other future studies