一個個體導向大型系統軟體分析及設計方法

Abstract

分析及設計是構建大型軟體系統之兩大主要活動.研究發現,目前的個體導 向分析設計方法普遍存在著許多缺點, 例如 1)未明顯提供一個整體軟體 架構方法. 2)從文件說明或問題描述中找個體. 形符號,但未能提出一套 嚴謹的方法以為遵循,只是一些條列的提要(Guidelines). 4)缺乏適當的 圖解及方法以用來描述個體間之交互活動. 5)分析及設計各活動間之連貫 及文件之追蹤未能具體表達出來.因此並未有任何方法被供認為適合用在 團隊大型軟體之開發.本研究之目的乃在整理出一些分析及設計方法之要 點,要點一. 用什麼結構化原則來架構整體系統:我們採用切割 (Partitioning),摘取精要(Abstraction)及投射(Projection)原則來做系 統結構,子系統結構及個體結構.要點二. 找個體流程: 有別於從文件中找 個體, 我們以需求分類及投射過程中陸續的找出問題領域個體, 並以責任 區分及功能分解(Functional要點三. 用什麼圖形及方法描述個體導向之 交互活動: 有別於資料流向圖(DFD),我們提出一個要求流向圖(Request Flow Diagram)用以自然的描述個體間之用戶--服務者(Client-Server)之 交互關係,要求流向圖可以同時表現控制及資料流向,並且很方便 的能夠 對應到個體導向程式架構(例如C++).要點四. 分析及設計文件間之交互追 蹤:我們的方法很明白表達分析及設計各種文件間之連貫性, 它頗利於團 隊間之溝通及需求改變的適應.論文中並舉一些實例來輔助說明各階段之 活動,最後並跟據這四個分析 /設計要點來討論與比較各種方法與突顯我 們所提方法之獨特性. cently, the object-oriented modeling approach has become ajor trend for software development. From our study, we havethat most existing object-oriented modeling methods havey to depict the inital system structure, subsystem structure,ich will produce an unstable set of objects, 3) existingthods lacking of providing a finer granularity of the insideteractions, and 5) the transiton and tracability betweenalysis and design phases is not addressed by most methods. In this dissertation,we propose an object-oriented modelingproach entitled MOOS (Modeling of Object-Oriented Softwarestems) for the analysis and design of large software systems.ructuring techniques to decompose the entire system, whichmanagment, communication and maintenance. MOOS is antegrated modeling method which is coherent between analysis andaphic notations that describe the architecture,class structure,nctions, dynamic behavior, and client-server relationships ofrectly mapped into object- oriented programming constructsring the implementation phase. Exemplary case study using theoposed method is performed to show its applicability. Finally,e proposed method is compared with the existing object-orientedthods to show its uniqueness.