不同生命週期產業創新政策之評估研究

Abstract

不同生命週期的產業，其所面臨的問困難有所不同，解決亦應有所差異。 本研究以台灣生技、半導體、汽車及零組件、紡織產業等作為研究對象，此四項產業為台灣代表性產業，並處於不同產業生命週期，本研究透過FMCDM與多變量分析方法，對專家進行政策方案優先順序之調查並對業者進行重視度及助益性之調查，並據以提出政府創新政策之建議。 研究結果顯示：1.導入期與成長期對政府創新政策之需求明顯高於成長期與成熟期；且導入期對政府政策需求最高，其它依次為：衰退期、成長期、成熟期；2.在導入期專家認為政府應鼓勵創新、強化法規與管制及提供優惠措施；成長期除鼓勵創新外，另在人才教育與訓練、提供優惠措施亦為重點；成熟期則應鼓勵創新、提供優惠措施及鼓勵科學技術與發展；衰退期則應鼓勵創新、人才教育與訓練及鼓勵科學技術與發展；3. 在重視度方面，導入期業者對科學與技術發展、財務金融特別重視，成長期對人才培訓，成熟期及衰退期則對協助海外設廠開發市場最重視；4.在助益性方面，導入期業者認為財務金融，成長期業者認為人才培訓，成熟期及衰退期業者認為協助海外設廠開發市場對其最有助益。 本研究建議政府在資源分配時可考慮依需求強度予以分配，導入期經費最高，其他依序為：衰退期、成長期及成熟期。此外，政府政策在導入期應以協助開拓市場、取得低成本資金及培育研發、管理、行銷人才為重點；在成長期以協助提升先進技術與產品整合能力並培育國際行銷與研發人才為主；成熟期配合租稅及獎勵措施進行產業結構調整，鼓勵合併以解決規模不足之問題；衰退期則以協助降低成本、研發次世代產品為主。

Industries proceeding in different life cycles should have differentiated solutions when facing problems along with challenges. This paper conducts industrial innovation policy research which focuses four industries in Taiwan－the biotechnology, the semiconductor, the automobile and part components, as well as the textile industry. This research applies FMCDM methodology and multi-quantitative analyses, integrates the policy priority provided by the experts, and conducts surveys within the industry in order to find the best solutions for the government. The result shows that the industry being in the initial stage relies the most on government innovation policy, the second follows the recession stage, and the growth and mature stage the third and fourth respectively. Regarding the assistance and development policy, in the initial stage most experts agree the government should encourage innovation, strengthen control and regulation and provide preferential benefits; in the growth stage not only does the government encourage innovation but also provide staff training and preferential benefit. Promoting creativity, providing preferential benefits, and encouraging scientific development should be the focus in the growth stage. In the last stage, the government mainly supports innovation, staff training, and scientific and skill development. The degree industries stress in the initial stage is highly on scientific and skill development, especially the financial banking aspect; the growth stage emphasizes staff training; the mature and recession stage stress the overseas development and overseas market expanding. Based on what concludes in the paper, this research suggests the government take demand rank into consideration when allocating its resources. Industries in the initial stage are put in the top priority given the most expenditure; the recession, growth and mature stage follows accordingly. In addition, the government should assist market expansion, low-cost capital, R&D supports, along with management and marketing the talent in the initial stage. In the growth stage the government also assists advanced technology and product integration; consulting international marketing and incubating R&D staff cannot be overemphasized in this periods too. When comes the mature stage, the industries welcome taxation, preferential benefits from the government most so that they will be able to carry on more structural adjustment and more merge and acquisition for solving the insufficient scale problem. The government policy should then provide the industry being in the last stage cost-cutting solution and assistance of sub-generation product development.